Entrepreneurial Intention Scale of Undergraduates – Chinese Version

Description

Thompson (2009) summarized previous research and posited that entrepreneurial intention refers to an individual’s intention to start a new company, along with a conscious plan to put it into practice at some point in the future. This future time frame may come soon, be uncertain, or might never be realized. Individuals with entrepreneurial intentions may not necessarily end up actually starting a company, as countless individual and environmental factors could negatively impact these intentions. Some individuals with entrepreneurial intentions may further become nascent entrepreneurs, meaning they formally take action to establish a company. However, while having entrepreneurial intentions is a necessary condition for nascent entrepreneurs, it does not guarantee that they will carry them out. The levels and intensity of individual entrepreneurial intentions may vary from person to person and may change over time for the same individual. Gollwitzer & Brandstätter (1997) introduced the concepts of goal intention and implementation intention in their study of intentions. Goal intention is framed as “I want to achieve X,” where X signifies the desired end state, which can be abstract (like getting to know someone) or concrete (such as inviting someone to a dinner). For instance, “I want to become an entrepreneur” represents a goal intention. Once formed, goal intention leads to a sense of commitment towards achieving the end state. Implementation intention serves as a mediating factor, advancing the pursuit of goals. The proportion of university students in China who wish to start a business is 79.3%; however, the overall level of entrepreneurial intention is not high. The entrepreneurial goal intention of university students is significantly higher than their entrepreneurial implementation intention. Male university students show significantly higher entrepreneurial goal and implementation intentions than female students. Students from vocational colleges demonstrate higher entrepreneurial goal and implementation intentions compared to undergraduate students. Medical students have the lowest entrepreneurial goal intentions, while students from literature and management fields do not exhibit significant differences, and those from science and engineering disciplines show the highest entrepreneurial goal intentions. Differences in entrepreneurial goal intention and implementation intention vary depending on school type and gender; specifically, the difference between entrepreneurial goal and implementation intentions is greater among vocational college students than undergraduates, and among male students than female students.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

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Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

The Entrepreneurial Intention Scale of Undergraduates (EISU) requires respondents to evaluate the extent to which the following statements match their actual situation, rating them on a scale from 1 to 7, where: 1 = 完全不符合 (completely untrue), 2 = 不符合 (untrue), 3 = 有些不符合 (somewhat untrue), 4 = 不确定 (uncertain), 5 = 有些符合 (somewhat true), 6 = 符合 (true), 7 = 完全符合 (completely true).

Reliability and Validity

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Factors and Subscales

创业意向 (Entrepreneurial Intention), which includes:
– 创业目标意向 (Goal Intention)
– 创业执行意向 (Implementation Intention)

Keywords

entrepreneurial intention, goal intention, implementation intention, university students, gender differences, vocational education

Items in Chinese

1. 我会竭尽全力创办运营自己的公司。
2. 我的职业目标是成为创业者。
3. 我对创办公司感兴趣。
4. 我希望自己做老板。
5. 我会在5年之内创办自己的公司。
6. 我打算在将来成立一家公司。
7. 当找到合适的搭档时，我会去创业。
8. 当我毕业找不到理想工作时，我会去创业。
9. 当我对工作不满意时，我会去创业。
10. 当我的工作压力很大时，我会去创业。
11. 当我学习有关创业课程后，我会去创业。
12. 当感到自己的经济状况不好时，我会去创业。

Items in English

1. I will do my best to establish and operate my own company.
2. My career goal is to become an entrepreneur.
3. I am interested in starting a company.
4. I hope to be my own boss.
5. I will start my own company within 5 years.
6. I plan to establish a company in the future.
7. I will start a business when I find a suitable partner.
8. I will start a business when I graduate and cannot find an ideal job.
9. I will start a business when I am dissatisfied with my job.
10. I will start a business when I feel overwhelmed by work pressure.
11. I will start a business after studying relevant entrepreneurial courses.
12. I will start a business when I feel my financial situation is poor.

References

李海垒. 大学生创业意向及其与社会文化、人格的关系[D].山东师范大学,2012.
张若琪. 高校创业教育政策的优化研究[D].西南交通大学,2021.DOI:10.27414/d.cnki.gxnju.2021.000497.