Duke Religiousness Scale (DUREL) & Intrinsic Religiousness Scale (HIRS) – Chinese Version

Description

The term “religion” refers to a type of social ideology and a historical phenomenon. For example, Chinese scholar Lü Daji defines religion as a social consciousness of supernatural power and the beliefs and worship behaviors associated with it. It is a social and cultural system that integrates this consciousness and behavior and formalizes and institutionalizes it. The Encyclopedia Britannica explains religion as the relationship between humans and what they consider sacred, immaterial, or divine. Koenig et al. define religion as an organic system composed of beliefs, behaviors, and doctrines that aims to help individuals come closer to the divine or transcendent existence and to better understand their relationships, responsibilities, and duties with themselves and the surrounding community. The operational definition of religiosity includes three dimensions: organizational religious activity, non-organizational religious activity, and intrinsic religiosity.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

The study aims to examine the religiousness of college students across China, exploring the organizational and non-organizational aspects of their religious activities and their intrinsic religiosity.

Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

Using a stratified random sampling method based on regional distribution and university distribution in China, samples were collected from college students nationwide. In various regions (North China, Northeast, East China, Central South, Southwest, Northwest, excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan), several universities were randomly selected according to the proportion of universities in each region, and college students were sampled through a combination of cluster sampling and simple random sampling. A total of 5851 questionnaires were collected, with 5445 valid responses, yielding an effective recovery rate of 93.06%. The effective sample age ranged between 16-25 years, with an average age of 19.496 ± 1.259. Among the respondents, 1939 were male (35.4%) and 3516 were female (64.6%). The average scores for college student religiosity were as follows: Organizational Religious Behavior 1.487 ± 0.718, Non-organizational Religious Behavior 1.471 ± 0.862.

Reliability and Validity

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Factors and Subscales

The study utilizes three dimensions:
– 组织性宗教行为 (Organizational Religious Activity): 1 – Never; 2 – Once a year or less; 3 – A few times a year; 4 – A few times a month; 5 – Once a week; 6 – More than once/week.
– 非组织性宗教行为 (Non-organizational Religious Activity): 1 – Rarely or never; 2 – A few times a month; 3 – Once a week; 4 – Two or more times/week; 5 – Daily; 6 – More than once a day.
– 内在宗教性 (Intrinsic Religiosity):
1 – Definitely not true;
2 – Tends not to be true;
3 – Unsure;
4 – Tends to be true;
5 – Definitely true of me.

Keywords

College students, religiosity, organizational behavior, non-organizational behavior, intrinsic religiosity

Items in Chinese

1. 您多久参加一次教堂活动、寺庙佛事活动、清真寺活动、法会或其他的宗教聚会:①从来没有参加过;②一年一次或更少;③一年几次，但少于一个月一次;④每个月至少1次，但少于一个星期一次;⑤一星期一次;⑥每星期一次以上
2. 您多久进行一次个人宗教活动，如祈祷，读经(圣经)，斋戒，礼拜，冥想，或念佛经等:①从来没有过;②一年一次或更少;③一年数次;④每个月数次;⑤每个礼拜数次;⑥每天至少一次
3. 在我的生命中，我体验到神（如上帝、佛、真主）的存在。完全不符合~完全符合（1~5）
4. 我的宗教信仰实际上是我整个生活方式的支柱。完全不符合~完全符合（1~5）
5. 我努力把宗教融入到生活的其他事宜中。完全不符合~完全符合（1~5）
6. 我的宗教信仰影响到我生活的各个方面。
7. 我拒绝让宗教观念影响到我的日常事务。
8. 没有什么比竭尽所能服务神（如上帝、佛、真主）更重要的。
9. 我的宗教信仰有时候约束了我的行为。
10. 人在做每一个重要决定时，都应该寻求神（如上帝、佛、真主）的指引。
11. 我觉得生活中有许多其他比宗教更重要的东西。
12. 只要我过合乎道德的生活，我信仰的是什么不太重要。

Items in English

1. How often do you attend church or other religious meetings? 1 – Never; 2 – Once a year or less; 3 – A few times a year; 4 – A few times a month; 5 – Once a week; 6 – More than once/week
2. How often do you spend time in private religious activities, such as prayer, meditation or Bible study? 1 – Rarely or never; 2 – A few times a month; 3 – Once a week; 4 – Two or more times/week; 5 – Daily; 6 – More than once a day
3. In my life, I experience the presence of the Divine (i.e., God) – 1 – Definitely not true; 2 – Tends not to be true; 3 – Unsure; 4 – Tends to be true; 5 – Definitely true of me
4. My religious beliefs are what really lie behind my whole approach to life – 1 – Definitely not true; 2 – Tends not to be true; 3 – Unsure; 4 – Tends to be true; 5 – Definitely true of me
5. I try hard to carry my religion over into all other dealings in life – 1 – Definitely not true; 2 – Tends not to be true; 3 – Unsure; 4 – Tends to be true; 5 – Definitely true of me
6. My religious beliefs affect all areas of my life.
7. I refuse to let religious views influence my daily affairs.
8. There is nothing more important than serving God (i.e., the Divine) with all my effort.
9. Sometimes my religious beliefs restrict my behavior.
10. People should seek guidance from God (i.e., the Divine) when making every important decision.
11. I feel that there are many other things more important than religion in life.
12. As long as I live a moral life, it doesn’t matter much what I believe.

References

Koenig, H.G.; Büssing, A. The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A Five-Item Measure for Use in Epidemiological Studies. Religions 2010, 1, 78-85. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel1010078
彭飞. 中国大学生宗教性的现况调查及其与心理健康的关系研究[D].南方医科大学,2012.