Consciousness of Social Face Scale – Chinese Version

Description

The concept of “face” (面子), originating from Chinese Confucian culture, represents a particular cultural phenomenon primarily recognized among the Chinese. While some scholars argue that the pursuit of face is a shared human trait, differing mainly in the degree of emphasis across cultures, others contend that it is a product unique to Chinese cultural heritage. As research has progressed, many scholars have started to acknowledge the universality of the face concept. From a sociological perspective, face is viewed as a positive social value asserted by individuals in social interactions, signifying social recognition and respect. Additionally, it reflects the relationship between individuals and society, as well as the significance of self-worth. On the psychological side, face represents the desired public image and an individual’s internal self-image.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

To explore how the concept of face influences behavior in various contexts, including social interactions, acknowledgment of weaknesses, and the pursuit of help-seeking behavior.

Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

A questionnaire was distributed to university students, teachers, and individuals from various professions. A total of 400 questionnaires were sent out, with 362 returned, resulting in 345 valid questionnaires. Different scales measuring the desire to gain face (争面子) and fear of losing face (怕掉面子) were utilized, with scores averaged for assessment.

Reliability and Validity

The Cronbach’s alpha for the “desire to gain face” (争面子) dimension was 0.76, for the “fear of losing face” (怕掉面子) dimension was 0.74, and the overall scale was 0.82. In another study, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.909 and 0.830 for the respective subscales.

Factors and Subscales

1. 争面子 (Desire to Gain Face)
2. 怕掉面子 (Fear of Losing Face)

Keywords

面子 (Face), 社会认同 (Social Recognition), 自我效能 (Self-efficacy), 社会价值 (Social Value)

Items in Chinese

1. 我期望大家认为我能够做到普通人做不到的事。
2. 我期望自己在聊天时能说出别人不知道的事。
3. 我期望拥有一般人没有但渴望拥有的物品。
4. 我非常在乎别人对我的称赞和夸奖。
5. 我非常想让大家知道我认识一些厉害人物。
6. 我期望在他人眼中，我比多数人都过得好。
7. 当提及我的弱项，我总想转移话题。
8. 即使我真的不懂，我也会竭力不让其他人认为我很无知。
9. 我一直尽力隐瞒我的缺陷。
10. 如果我的单位不好，我会尽量不向他人提起。
11. 即使我错了，我也不会当面认错。

Items in English

1. I hope people think that I can do better than most others.
2. I hope that I can talk about things that most others do not know.
3. I hope that I can possess things that most others thirst for.
4. It is important for me to get praise and admiration.
5. I hope to let people know that I have association with some big names.
6. I hope that I have a better life than most others in others’ view.
7. I always avoid talking about my weakness.
8. I try to avoid letting others think that I am ignorant, even if I really am.
9. I do my best to hide my weakness before others.
10. If I work in an organization of bad reputation, I will try not to tell others about that.
11. It is hard for me to acknowledge a mistake, even if I am really wrong.

References

呼媛.消费者面子倾向对生态消费行为的影响研究[D].山西财经大学,2023.DOI:10.27283/d.cnki.gsxcc.2023.000405.
雷霁,唐宁玉.面子观、自我效能与寻求帮助行为的关系研究[J].中国人力资源开发,2015,(13):13-20.DOI:10.16471/j.cnki.11-2822/c.2015.13.003.
曹呈旭,七十三,金童林,等.自尊与宠辱不惊：社会面子意识的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2023,31(06):1405-1409.DOI:10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2023.06.022.
彭红玉.成人性羞耻与消极身体意识的关系及其影响因素[D].西南大学,2023.DOI:10.27684/d.cnki.gxndx.2023.002565.
Zhang, Xin-an; Cao, Qing; Grigoriou, Nicholas. (2011). Consciousness of Social Face: The Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Desire to Gain Face Versus Fear of Losing Face. The Journal of Social Psychology, 151(2), 129–149. doi:10.1080/00224540903366669