Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Attentional bias refers to the change in the allocation of an individual’s attention to certain parts or specific aspects of the external stimuli when receiving them. It reflects the individual’s selective activation of meaningful information related to themselves and the active suppression of irrelevant stimuli. The threat assessment system theory suggests that the prioritized processing of threatening stimuli allows individuals to escape from danger in a timely manner, which is adaptive. However, negative attentional bias is a pathogenic factor and a symptom maintenance factor in psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Researchers have used trait consistency theory and schema theory to explain this phenomenon: the information selectively processed by individuals is consistent with their experiences and traits. Individuals with negative emotional traits (such as those with depression or anxiety) tend to choose negative information, while those with positive emotional traits (such as optimistic individuals) tend to select positive information for processing.

Authors and Contact Email

Zhang Juan (2016) (contact email information not available)

Purpose

To investigate the attentional bias in university students with different levels of psychological quality using a dot-probe paradigm variation.

Test Year

2016

Administration Method and Scoring

The investigation used a dot-probe paradigm to examine the attentional bias towards emotional words (positive and negative) among university students.

Reliability and Validity

Research findings indicated that university students with different psychological qualities exhibited varying attentional biases towards emotional words. Students with higher psychological quality showed a greater tendency to attend to positive words and avoid negative ones.

Factors and Subscales

The definition of attentional bias proposed by Bar-Haim et al. (2007) states that individuals exhibit different attention allocation to stimuli of varying valencies (e.g., threatening stimuli) compared to neutral stimuli. Cisler & Koster (2010) identified three components of attentional bias:
1. Attention orienting speed: Individuals are more quickly attracted to specific stimuli rather than neutral stimuli.
2. Attention disengagement difficulty: Individuals find it more challenging to shift their attention away from a particular stimulus compared to neutral stimuli.
3. Attention avoidance: Individuals’ attention does not focus on specific stimuli, but rather on locations outside of those stimuli.

Keywords

Attentional Bias, Emotional Processing, Psychological Quality, Threat Assessment, Dot-Probe Paradigm, Positive Information, Negative Information

Items in Chinese

1. 我会注意他人所做的积极的事情。
2. 我无法忘记自己在某些事情上表现不好的时候。
3. 我不会忘记其他人伤害我的事。
4. 我会特别注意电视新闻上的坏消息。
5. 那些我做得不好的事情总是萦绕在我的脑海中。
6. 我非常留意生活中的小乐趣。
7. 我会注意那些能激励我的事情。
8. 我可以迅速地注意到别人的过失。
9. 我可以迅速地注意到别人的功劳。
10. 我特别留意我的那些被家人和朋友称赞的特点。
11. 我会注意到自己正面的特点。
12. 对我来说，记着别人的好很重要。
13. 无论谁在微笑，我都会注意到那张快乐的脸。
14. 我会察觉并注意到事事顺利的时刻。
15. 我特别留意自己做得成功的事情。
16. 参加任何活动，我都会很容易地看到活动有趣的一面。
17. 我担心一些不幸的事情会发生在我周围的人身上。
18. 我记得大多数快乐的时光。
19. 我喜欢称赞他人的优点。
20. 我担心不好的事情会发生在我身上。
21. 我觉得自己经常犯错。
22. 有时我认为其他人想欺骗我。
23. 我努力地尝试去达到自己的目标。
24. 我认为其他人帮助了我许多。
25. 有许多人都是我不喜欢的。
26. 我对自己的未来持乐观态度。
27. 我认为每个人都有些好的特质。
28. 继续做自己喜欢的事，是件开心的事。
29. 我经常注意过去那些令自己不快乐的情境。
30. 对我来说，认为别人好很重要。

Items in English

1. I pay attention to the positive things others do.
2. I cannot forget when I did poorly in certain matters.
3. I do not forget when others have hurt me.
4. I pay particular attention to bad news on television.
5. Those things I did poorly on always linger in my mind.
6. I am very attentive to the little joys in life.
7. I pay attention to things that motivate me.
8. I can quickly notice others’ mistakes.
9. I can quickly notice others’ contributions.
10. I pay particular attention to the qualities my family and friends praise in me.
11. I notice my positive characteristics.
12. For me, remembering others’ good is important.
13. No matter who is smiling, I notice that happy face.
14. I can sense and pay attention to the moments when everything goes smoothly.
15. I pay particular attention to the things I succeed in.
16. In any activity, I can easily see the interesting aspects.
17. I worry that some unfortunate events will happen to people around me.
18. I remember most of the happy times.
19. I enjoy praising others’ strengths.
20. I worry that bad things will happen to me.
21. I feel that I often make mistakes.
22. Sometimes I think others want to deceive me.
23. I try hard to achieve my goals.
24. I think others have helped me a lot.
25. There are many people I do not like.
26. I maintain an optimistic attitude towards my future.
27. I believe everyone has some good qualities.
28. Continuing to do what I love is a happy thing.
29. I often pay attention to past situations that made me unhappy.
30. For me, believing others are good is important.

References

吕遥迪,郭江,张雨青.中文版积极/消极注意偏向量表的初步修订[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2016,24(05):861-864.
陆星月. 应激对中学生注意偏向的影响：心理素质的调节作用[D].西南大学,2019.
武舒楠,白新文.高宽恕特质个体的正性面孔注意偏向[J].中国心理卫生杂志. 2019,33(07)