Eating Disorder-Specific Interoceptive Perception Questionnaire (EDIP-Q)

Abstract

The Eating Disorder-Specific Interoceptive Perception Questionnaire (EDIP-Q), as detailed by Ortmann et al. in 2023, was formulated to measure the capacity for perceiving and distinguishing between emotions, hunger, and satiety, particularly within the context of eating disorders (EDs). The development of this scale was a multi-stage process. It began with the collection of relevant content from pre-existing measures, followed by a thorough review by a panel of experts, and concluded with comprehensive psychometric analyses. The final instrument consists of 25 items. This questionnaire was assessed using two separate samples of German adults, which included individuals diagnosed with eating disorders. The evaluation produced results concerning the factor analysis, reliability, and validity for these 25 items.

Keywords

Eating Disorders; Discrimination; Emotion; Hunger; Satiety; Interoception; Psychodiagnostic Measures

Authors

Ortmann, Julie; Lutz, Annika P. C.; Rose, Gitta; Happ, Christian; Vögele, Claus; Schulz, André; van Dyck, Zoé

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Purpose

The objective of this clinical instrument is to evaluate eating disorder-specific interoceptive perception (EDIP). The assessment aims to create profiles of specific deficits in EDIP, which can then serve as a foundation for formulating more specialized and targeted treatment strategies for individuals with eating disorders.

Construct

Eating Disorder-Specific Interoceptive Perception

Validity

The EDIP-Q demonstrates strong psychometric properties. Evidence for its construct validity was established through its correlation with related convergent questionnaires and a lack of correlation with divergent self-report measures. The study found that participants with self-reported eating disorders (EDs) exhibited significantly lower scores on the EDIP-Q when compared to participants who did not report an ED diagnosis. Further analysis revealed nuanced differences among ED subtypes. While individuals with self-reported anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) reported comparable levels of difficulty in perceiving emotions, those with BN and BED indicated greater challenges in perceiving satiety and in differentiating between hunger and emotional states compared to individuals with AN. Conversely, individuals with AN reported a higher sensitivity to satiety but a lower sensitivity to hunger in comparison to those with BN and BED.

Reliability

The internal consistency for the EDIP-Q was found to be high. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .94 for the total scale. For the subscales, the alpha values were .92 for Emotions, .86 for Hunger, .93 for Satiety, and .88 for Discrimination.

Factor Analysis

An Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted. Both a parallel analysis and an inspection of the scree plot indicated a four-factor solution. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also supported a four-factor structure, which accounted for 65.34% of the total variance. These findings led to the final 25-item instrument with four distinct subscales. Subsequently, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) affirmed that the four-factor solution provided a good fit to the data, with the following fit indices: CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, SRMR = 0.047, RMSEA = 0.052, 90% CI [0.049, 0.056], χ²(1, 269) = 978.122, p < .001. All items exhibited high factor loadings (>.50), and the first-order factors were significantly interrelated (rs ranging from .45 to .64, p < .001), supporting the potential for a second-order model. Therefore, a second-order model was specified where the first-order factors loaded onto a single higher-order EDIP factor. This model also demonstrated a good fit to the data: CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, SRMR = 0.050, RMSEA = 0.053, 90% CI [0.050, 0.057], χ²(1, 271) = 922.17, p < .001.

Instrument : Test Type , Format , Language Available , Population Group, Age Group, Population Details and Test Methodology

This is an original inventory/questionnaire designed for adult populations (18 years and older), including both males and females. The specific population detailed in the validation study consisted of adult participants located in Germany. The instrument is administered electronically. It consists of 25 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (Does not apply at all) to 7 (Applies completely). Lower scores on the scale are indicative of greater difficulty in eating disorder-specific interoceptive perception. The questionnaire is available in German and English. The test methodology includes assessments of Test Validity, Construct Validity, Convergent Validity, Discriminant Validity, Test Reliability, Internal Consistency, Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Exploratory Factor Analysis.

Keywords

Eating Disorders; Discrimination; Emotion; Hunger; Satiety; Interoception; Psychodiagnostic Measures

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Authors including Author ocrid Identifier and Affiliation Email addresses Correspondence Address

Ortmann, Julie

• Author Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2793-7296

• Affiliation: University of Luxembourg, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences

• Email: [email protected]

Lutz, Annika P. C.

• Author Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3247-3262

• Affiliation: University of Luxembourg, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences

Rose, Gitta

• Author Identifier: No data is Available

• Affiliation: Independent Psychotherapist/Clinical Psychologist

Happ, Christian

• Author Identifier: No data is Available

• Affiliation: Yolande Asbl

Vögele, Claus

• Author Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8086-0788

• Affiliation: University of Luxembourg, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences

Schulz, André

• Author Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-2651

• Affiliation: University of Luxembourg, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences

van Dyck, Zoé

• Author Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-4902

• Affiliation: University of Luxembourg, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences

Correspondence Address

• Ortmann, Julie: University of Luxembourg, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Campus Belval, 11 Porte des Sciences, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, L-4366, [email protected]

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

• Permissions: May be used for Research/Teaching purposes.

• Commercial: No

• Fee: No

• Test Year: 2023

reference’s

Ortmann, J., Lutz, A. P. C., Rose, G., Happ, C., Vögele, C., Schulz, A., & van Dyck, Z. (2024). Development and initial validation of a self-report measure to assess eating disorder-specific interoceptive perception. Psychological Assessment, 36(2), 162–174. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001283

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Items of the Eating Disorder-Specific Interoceptive Perception Questionnaire (EDIP-Q)

You will find a list of statements regarding your experience of emotions, hunger, and the feeling of fullness. We are interested in your personal perception thereof, and ask you to indicate how often the following statements were applicable to you within the last month.

Please indicate your response on a 7-point scale where 1 = Does not apply at all and 7 = Applies completely.

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Scoring Key:

• E = Emotion subscale item

• H = Hunger subscale item

• S = Satiety subscale item

• D = Discrimination subscale item

• ᴿ = Reversed coded item