Action-Theoretical Model of Online Hate Speech Survey (ATMOHS)

Action-Theoretical Model of Online Hate Speech Survey (ATMOHS) Scale

Description

The Action-Theoretical Model of Online Hate Speech Survey (Mohseni et al., 2023) is a 14-item measure designed to assess the motives behind online hate speech (OHS) from the perspectives of perpetrators, active bystanders, and victims. This survey is grounded in the Action-Theoretical Model of Online Hate Speech (ATMOHS). It utilizes five distinct vignettes as stimuli, each representing a different type of hate speech: general OHS, sexist OHS against men, sexist OHS against women, sexually aggressive OHS against men, and sexually aggressive OHS against women. To enhance the robustness of the assessment, five different versions were created for each OHS type, resulting in a total of 25 unique vignettes. The survey incorporates adapted items, including an 8-item version of the Aggressive Motives Scale (Anderson & Murphy, 2003), which was further expanded by Mohseni (2013) to include additional motives derived from the social interactionist theory of aggression (Tedeschi & Felson, 1994). Additionally, three items from the Undeserving Self-Image subscale of the Self-Defeating Interpersonal Style Scale (Atkinson, 2017), and three items from the Providing an Appropriate Model subscale of the Transformational Leadership Scale (Heinitz & Rowold, 2007) are included.

Purpose

This survey was developed to assess motives for online hate speech from the perspective of the perpetrators, the active bystanders, and the victims.

Validity

No data is Available.

Reliability

Internal Consistency: For frequency, responses were collapsed across the vignettes due to very high correlations. The ordinal alpha coefficients were 0.98 for writing OHS, 0.89 for receiving OHS, 0.94 for criticizing OHS, and 0.95 for reporting OHS. For the extended version of the motives of aggression, the alpha coefficients for two of the subscales were 0.77 and 0.79. The Underservingness subscale demonstrated alpha and omega coefficients of 0.75 and 0.77, respectively. The role model for others subscale yielded alpha and omega coefficients of 0.73 and 0.76, respectively.

Factor Analysis

No data is Available.

Instrument

Test Type: Original

Format: The survey utilizes vignette/scenario-based questions. After each vignette, the frequency of writing (= perpetration), criticizing (= bystanding), reporting (= bystanding), and receiving (= victimization) such a comment is assessed. Response scales include: “1 = never to 7 = daily” for frequency, and “1 = completely disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = rather disagree, 4 = partly agree, partly disagree, 5 = rather agree, 6 = agree, to 7 = completely agree” for agreement.

Language Available: German

Population Group: Human (Male and Female)

Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older), including Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs), Thirties (30-39 yrs), Middle Age (40-64 yrs), and Aged (65 yrs & older).

Population Details: Data were collected from an online population in Germany, aged 18-69 years.

Test Methodology: Test Reliability; Internal Consistency

Keywords

Action-Theoretical Model of Online Hate Speech; Bystander; Motives; Motives of Aggression; Online Hate Speech; Perpetrator; Role Model for Others; Social Interactionist Theory of Aggression; Underservingness; Victim; Aggressive Behavior; Hate; Models; Motivation; Perpetrators; Role Models; Theories; Victimization; Antisocial Behavior Measures; Online Behavior.

Authors

Mohseni, M. Rohangis

Author ORCID Identifier: 0000-0001-7686-8322

Affiliation: TU Ilmenau, Department of Economic Sciences and Media, Institute of Media and Communication Science, Media Psychology and Media Design Group

Email: [email protected]

Correspondence Address: Mohseni, M. Rohangis: TU Ilmenau, Department of Economic Sciences and Media, Institute of Media and Communication Science, Media Psychology and Media Design Group, Ehrenbergstrasse 29, Ilmenau, Germany, 98693.

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

Permissions: Contact Corresponding Author

Fee: No

Test Year: 2023

References

Mohseni, M. R. (2023). Motives of online hate speech: Results from a quota sample online survey. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 26(7), 499–506. doi:10.1089/cyber.2022.0188

Items of the Action-Theoretical Model of Online Hate Speech Survey (ATMOHS) Scale

The survey is a 14-item measure. Specific items are not available.