Parenting Stress Index / Short Form – Chinese Version

Description

Parenting stress, also known as parental stress, was first proposed by clinical psychologist Abidin in 1976. He conducted research on the stress experienced by parents when fulfilling their parental roles. Abidin pointed out that excessive and unrelieved stress within the parent-child system could lead to dysfunctional parenting and a series of family crises and psychological issues. In 1995, Abidin explicitly defined parenting stress as the stress that parents experience within the parent-child system, influenced by personal factors, children, and interpersonal relationships during the parenting process. The Parenting Stress Index / Short Form (PSI/SF) was adapted by Abidin from the long-form parenting stress questionnaire, simplifying the original 101 items to 36, making it more convenient to use. Therefore, it is currently the most commonly used measure for parenting stress. In 1995, Taiwanese scholar Ren Wenxiang localized and revised this scale, which was found to have good reliability and validity; the internal consistency of the overall scale is 0.93, with parent distress at 0.85, dysfunctional parent-child interaction at 0.86, and difficult child at 0.87.

Authors and Contact Email

Abidin, information not available

Purpose

The purpose of this scale is to understand the stress situations you are experiencing as a parent.

Test Year

1976 (initial proposal), 1995 (definition and adaptation)

Administration Method and Scoring

This questionnaire contains items that aim to assess the level of parenting stress experienced by respondents. Please read each item carefully and reflect on how the described situation relates to you or your child. There are no right or wrong answers to the questions. Please mark the box that best matches your first response to each item.
5 非常同意 (Strongly Agree)
4 同意 (Agree)
3 不确定 (Undecided)
2 不同意 (Disagree)
1 非常不同意 (Strongly Disagree)

Reliability and Validity

The total scale has an internal consistency of 0.93. The subscales have the following internal consistency: parent distress is 0.85, dysfunctional parent-child interaction is 0.86, and difficult child is 0.87.

Factors and Subscales

– 亲职愁苦 (Parent Distress)
– 亲子互动失调 (Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interaction)
– 困难儿童 (Difficult Child)

Keywords

Parenting Stress, Parental Responsibility, Family Crisis, Psychological Issues, Parenting Stress Index

Items in Chinese

1. 我常常觉得自己无法把事情处理的很好。
2. 为了满足这个孩子的需求，我牺牲了许多自己的生活，那是我没想到的。
3. 有了这个孩子后，我觉得自己被为人父母的责任绑住了。
4. 自从有了这个孩子，我不能再尝试些新鲜不同的事。
5. 自从有了这个孩子，我几乎都不能做自己喜欢的事。
6. 我为自己买衣服后，会感到后悔或不快乐。
7. 我的生活中有太多令我烦恼的事情。
8. 我没想到这个孩子的出生使我们夫妻出现这么多问题。
9. 我感到孤单没有朋友。
10. 当我参加聚会时，我通常不会玩的很愉快。
11. 我现在已经不像从前那样喜欢与人交往。
12. 我不像过去那样欣赏食物，享受生活的乐趣。
13. 我这个孩子很少做出让我觉得很高兴的事。
14. 大部分的时候我觉得这个孩子不喜欢我，而且不想亲近我。
15. 我这个孩子对我微笑的次数比我期望的少很多。
16. 当我为这个孩子付出心力时，我觉得我的努力是白费心思。
17. 玩耍时，我这个孩子很少笑的很开心。
18. 我这个孩子的学习速度似乎比一般小孩慢。
19. 我这个孩子似乎不像一般小孩一样喜欢笑。
20. 我这个孩子能做的事情没有我期望中的多。
21. 我这个孩子通常要花很长时间才能适应新事物。
22. 我因为不能和这个孩子培养更亲密，更温暖的感情而烦恼。
23. 有时候我这个孩子会故意做一些令我很生气的事情。
24. 我这个孩子似乎比其他小孩还要爱哭爱闹。
25. 我这个孩子睡醒时情绪通常不好。
26. 我觉得我这个孩子很情绪化、而且常常不高兴。
27. 我这个孩子会做出一些令我很困扰的事。
28. 我这个孩子，对于他不喜欢的事情会有强烈的反应。
29. 我这个孩子很容易为了小事就不高兴。
30. 我这个孩子睡觉或吃东西的时间不固定，要养成固定的作息，比我预期的困难多了。
31. 我这个孩子有些行为的确令我很烦恼。
32. 我这个孩子的问题比我预料中的还要多。
33. 我这个孩子对父母的要求比一般的小孩多。
34. 我觉得我是一位：（请勾选一个案） 非常不称职的父母 有一点不称职的父母 和一般父母一样的父母 比一般父母还要好一点的父母 非常称职的父母
35. 要我这个孩子去做一些事或停止某些事：（请勾选一个案） 比我预料中困难很多 比我预料中困难一些 和我预料中一样困难 比我预料中还要容易一些 比我预料中还要容易很多
36. 请仔细回想并计算一下，您这个孩子有多少行为令您感到困扰（例如：不听话、太好动、奥库、干扰别人、打架、体弱多病、偏食……等等），请在下列数据中圈选出恰当的数量： 10 件以上8~9 件6~7 件4~5 件1~3 件

Items in English

1. I often feel that I cannot handle things well.
2. To meet this child’s needs, I have sacrificed a lot of my own life, which I did not expect.
3. Since having this child, I feel chained by the responsibilities of parenthood.
4. Since having this child, I can no longer try new and different things.
5. Since having this child, I have hardly been able to do things I enjoy.
6. I feel regret or unhappiness after buying clothes for myself.
7. There are too many things in my life that worry me.
8. I did not expect that the birth of this child would cause so many problems between my spouse and me.
9. I feel lonely and have no friends.
10. When I attend gatherings, I usually do not have a good time.
11. I don’t enjoy socializing as much as I used to.
12. I no longer appreciate food or enjoy life’s pleasures as I once did.
13. My child rarely does things that make me feel happy.
14. Most of the time, I feel that this child does not like me and does not want to be close to me.
15. My child smiles at me far less often than I expect.
16. When I put effort into this child, I feel that my efforts are in vain.
17. When playing, my child rarely laughs happily.
18. My child seems to learn slower than other children.
19. My child does not seem to enjoy laughing as much as other children.
20. My child can do much less than I expect.
21. My child usually takes a long time to adapt to new things.
22. I worry about not being able to develop a closer, warmer relationship with this child.
23. Sometimes my child deliberately does things that make me very angry.
24. My child seems to cry and fuss more than other children.
25. My child usually wakes up in a bad mood.
26. I feel my child is emotional and often unhappy.
27. My child exhibits behaviors that deeply trouble me.
28. My child reacts strongly to things he/she does not like.
29. My child can become upset easily over trivial matters.
30. My child’s sleeping or eating schedule is irregular, and establishing a routine has been more difficult than I expected.
31. My child’s behavior does indeed trouble me.
32. My child’s problems exceed what I expected.
33. My child has more demands on parents than the average child.
34. I think of myself as: (Please select one) Very incompetent parent Slightly incompetent parent Average parent Slightly better than average parent Very competent parent
35. Getting my child to do something or stop doing something is: (Please select one) Much more difficult than I expected Slightly more difficult than I expected As difficult as I expected Slightly easier than I expected Much easier than I expected
36. Please carefully think back and count how many behaviors of your child trouble you (e.g., disobedience, hyperactivity, disruption, fighting, frequent illnesses, picky eating, etc.), and circle the appropriate number: More than 10 8-9 6-7 4-5 1-3

References

Abidin, information not available