Peer Rejection Scale – Chinese Version

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Description

The concept of social exclusion has been primarily used in earlier studies, such as in Twenge et al. (2002), who defined social exclusion as the individual’s exclusion from social relationships that severely undermines their need for belonging, leading to emotional distress and cognitive impairment. Other scholars view social exclusion as the negative emotions generated when an individual is excluded from desired relationships or groups, resulting in social pain (MacDonald & Leary, 2005). With further research, a more nuanced understanding of social exclusion has emerged. Among adolescents, peer exclusion is the main form of exclusion they encounter in daily life, significantly obstructing their needs for belonging and relationships (Wang Kai, Zhang Ye, 2020). Consequently, researchers have increasingly focused on the phenomenon of peer exclusion. Chinese scholars mainly use the terms “peer exclusion” and “school exclusion,” with some variations in specific descriptions. Yuan Chunying (2014) explains peer exclusion from a group-level structure perspective, suggesting that peer exclusion reflects an individual’s likability and social status within a group. Wang Sujuan (2021) posits that peer exclusion is a common stressful event for adolescents, indicating a phenomenon that hinders their needs for belonging and relationships due to being rejected by individuals or groups. Jiang Yanping (2015) defines peer exclusion as the negative evaluations and attitudes directed at an individual by others in the group during interactions. Based on these definitions, Wang Junyue defines peer exclusion as the rejection or exclusion of an individual by peers or their group, resulting in negative internal emotions for the rejected individual and obstructing the fulfillment of their relational and belonging needs.

Authors and Contact Email

Xu Xiaopan, Niu Zongling. Contact information not available.

Purpose

The study aims to assess peer rejection and its impact on children’s well-being, particularly among those from impoverished families.

Test Year

2019

Administration Method and Scoring

A cluster sampling method was used, targeting students from a high school in Wuhan, Hubei Province, a high school in Zibo, Shandong Province, a junior high school in Jining, Shandong Province, and a junior high school in Inner Mongolia. A total of 780 questionnaires were distributed, and after excluding invalid ones due to blank responses or excessive missing data, 741 valid questionnaires were retained, yielding an effective recovery rate of 95%.

Reliability and Validity

The alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.88, indicating high reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded good indicators (χ2/df=2.10, RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.99, NFI=0.98, GFI=0.98), confirming that the scale has good structural validity.

Factors and Subscales

The dimensions measured in the peer rejection scale (同伴排斥量表) include:

1. I sometimes feel that some peers seem to ignore me.
2. I feel that some peers might not let me participate in their activities.
3. I suspect that some peers are trying to avoid interacting with me.
4. I feel that some peers exclude me from conversations.
5. I feel that some peers might act as if I do not exist.
6. I feel that some peers might not invite me to hang out.

Keywords

Peer exclusion, adolescents, social relationships, belonging, emotional distress.

Items in Chinese

1. 我有时觉得有些同伴好像在忽视我。
2. 我觉得有些同伴可能不让我参加他们/她们的活动。
3. 我怀疑有些同伴是在尽量避免和我交往。
4. 我觉得有些同伴在聊天时将我排除在外。
5. 我觉得有些同伴很可能当我不存在一样。
6. 我觉得有些同伴可能不会叫我一起去玩。

Items in English

1. I sometimes feel that some peers seem to ignore me.
2. I feel that some peers might not let me participate in their activities.
3. I suspect that some peers are trying to avoid interacting with me.
4. I feel that some peers exclude me from conversations.
5. I feel that some peers might act as if I do not exist.
6. I feel that some peers might not invite me to hang out.

References

Xu Xiaopan, Niu Zongling. 同伴拒斥与家庭贫困儿童幸福感：有调节的中介效应[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2019, 27(04):795-799. DOI:10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2019.04.032.
Wang Junyue. 青少年同伴排斥与问题性手机使用的关系：自我概念清晰性与消极应对方式的作用及其干预[D]. 华中师范大学, 2023. DOI:10.27159/d.cnki.ghzsu.2023.001972.
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