Emotion Regulation Inventory Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Integrative Emotion Regulation (IER) is an autonomous emotional regulation style in the context of the self-determination theory. It is defined as a differentiated and open awareness of a person’s emotional states, along with a self-driven interest in them. According to researchers, awareness of emotions does not mean being constantly aware of them; rather, it requires the ability to gain self-awareness when emotions are triggered, especially during emotionally charged events. Thus, awareness can be a positive process in which individuals, once aroused by emotions, autonomously explore and attempt to understand their significance. In this emotional regulation style, the experience and expression of emotions are voluntary. In contrast, Suppressive Emotion Regulation (SER) is a non-autonomous or controlled style of emotional regulation. SER includes rigid and controlled attempts to ignore, avoid, and conceal negative emotions, as they are perceived as having both good and bad aspects, or even as dangerous. Therefore, in this emotional regulation style, the full meaning of emotions is not completely acknowledged or realized. Emotional Dysregulation is a state where individuals feel unable to control their emotions. Emotions are experienced as overwhelming and chaotic, which can interfere with effective functioning. When dysregulated, individuals may experience some emotions but, unlike IER, they do not enter any focused, calm awareness. Due to its overwhelming nature, emotions may be expressed in an unregulated or impulsive manner, or they may be concealed. Emotional dysregulation is not only associated with greater subjective distress and self-harm but also with increased peer rejection. Regardless of whether emotions are expressed or suppressed, individuals exhibit almost no choice behavior when dysregulated, accompanied by relational tension and subjective discomfort. In emotional dysregulation, several elements of integrative emotion regulation are therefore absent, including open and accepting awareness, interested reflection, and a sense of choice regarding actions or coping. Roth et al. (2017) reported in their study on empathy towards outgroup members that adults with high integrative emotion regulation show greater empathy for the adversities faced by innocent outgroup members. This implies a better ability to recognize the negative emotional experiences of outgroup members, which in turn indicates support for reconciliation strategies. In contrast, emotional suppression produces opposite effects, likely because individuals with high suppressive emotion regulation are less willing to experience or appreciate the meanings of negative emotions.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

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Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

The Emotion Regulation Inventory Scale (ERIS), developed by Roth et al. (2009), consists of 18 items covering three styles of regulation: Integrative Emotion Regulation, Suppressive Emotion Regulation, and Emotional Dysregulation. The correlations among the three styles are not significant, indicating relative independence. The internal consistency coefficients for integrative regulation, suppressive regulation, and dysregulation styles are 0.71, 0.76, and 0.79, respectively.

Reliability and Validity

Reliability coefficients for the emotional regulation styles are reported: integrative regulation 0.71, suppressive regulation 0.76, and dysregulation 0.79.

Factors and Subscales

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Keywords

Integrative Emotion Regulation, Suppressive Emotion Regulation, Emotional Dysregulation, Self-Determination Theory, Emotional Awareness

Items in Chinese

1. 我很难控制自己的负面情绪。
2. 我几乎总是尽量不表现出我的负面情绪。
3. 当我经历负面情绪时，我发现尽可能地了解其原因是很重要的。
4. 当我经历负面情绪时，我不再能控制自己的行为。
5. 当我经历负面情绪时，我几乎总是试图向别人隐藏它们。
6. 当我经历负面情绪时，我通常会尝试了解这是为什么。
7. 有时即使我不想这样做，我还是表现得很生气或者很悲伤。
8. 我试图忽略我的负面情绪。
9. 有时，向他人展示你的负面情绪可能会有帮助。
10. 我的负面情绪有时会让我做一些我并不真正想做的事情。
11. 在任何情况下，我宁愿不表达我的感受。
12. 我的负面情绪有时能让我更好地了解自己。
13. 我表现出我的负面情绪，即使是在不合适的情况下。
14. 我不对别人表现出负面情绪。
15. 有时我发现谈论我的负面感受是很有帮助的。
16. 当我经历负面情绪时，我就不太能够做某些事情。
17. 我尽量不关注自己的负面情绪。
18. 愤怒或悲伤的感觉有时会帮助我理解他人不公平或不正确的行为。

Items in English

1. I find it difficult to control my negative emotions.
2. I almost always try not to show my negative emotions.
3. When I experience negative emotions, I find it important to understand the reasons as much as possible.
4. When I experience negative emotions, I find it hard to control my behavior.
5. When I experience negative emotions, I almost always try to hide them from others.
6. When I experience negative emotions, I usually try to understand why.
7. Sometimes, even when I don’t want to, I show that I am angry or sad.
8. I try to ignore my negative emotions.
9. Sometimes, showing your negative emotions to others can be helpful.
10. My negative emotions sometimes lead me to do things I don’t really want to do.
11. In any situation, I prefer not to express my feelings.
12. My negative emotions sometimes help me understand myself better.
13. I show my negative emotions even in inappropriate situations.
14. I do not express negative emotions to others.
15. Sometimes I find it helpful to talk about my negative feelings.
16. When I experience negative emotions, I find it hard to do certain things.
17. I try not to focus on my negative emotions.
18. Feelings of anger or sadness sometimes help me understand unfair or incorrect behavior of others.

References

Roth, et al. (2017)