Social Emotion Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Social emotion refers to the shared emotional experience generated when the public is triggered by emotions and communicates with one another. This emotional experience manifests itself within the nation and society. Hareli and Parkinson (2008) proposed that the emotional states felt by individuals arise from their evaluations of events and environments in society. Research has shown that social emotion directly affects people’s feelings, value orientation, behavioral tendencies, social well-being, and interpersonal relationships. It can also directly influence behavior; positive social emotion makes individuals feel happy and relaxed, allowing them to deeply, broadly, and scientifically understand themselves and society. In contrast, individuals experiencing negative social emotions may exhibit irrational behavior in their daily work, study, and life. During China’s social transformation, social emotion is a core aspect of the contradictions in the transitional period and serves as a barometer for the state of social operations.

Authors and Contact Email

Yang Liu, Du Wei, Fang Ping, et al.
Email: information not available

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to develop a social emotion scale and to explore the impact of social emotion on pro-social behavior, considering the mediating role of interpersonal trust and the moderating role of social support.

Test Year

2023

Administration Method and Scoring

The Social Emotion Scale (SES) consists of a total of 28 items and is administered online using a convenience sampling method. The scale employs a Likert 5-point scoring system, where 1 indicates “Strongly Disagree” and 5 indicates “Strongly Agree.”

Reliability and Validity

The total scale’s Cronbach’s α coefficient is 0.71, whereas the Cronbach’s α coefficients for positive and negative social emotion subscales are 0.91 and 0.85, respectively. The Cronbach’s α coefficients for each dimension range from 0.61 to 0.90, indicating good internal consistency reliability. The total scale’s test-retest correlation coefficient is 0.78, with subscale correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.79, respectively. The test-retest correlation coefficients for each dimension range from 0.70 to 0.80, demonstrating good test-retest reliability.

Factors and Subscales

The total scale includes two subscales:
– 积极社会情绪 (Positive Social Emotion): includes the factors of social pride, social sympathy, and social gratitude.
– 消极社会情绪 (Negative Social Emotion): includes the factors of social indifference, social complaints, social anxiety, and social restlessness.

Keywords

Social Emotion, Pro-social Behavior, Measurement Scale, Emotional Experience, Reliability and Validity

Items in Chinese

1. 国家科技的发展迅速让我觉得很了不起。
2. 无论走到哪，我都愿意向别人说起中国的繁荣昌盛。
3. 当科学家、运动员取得重大成绩时，我为他们感到自豪。
4. 我觉得我们的社会制度令人骄傲。
5. 当国家与社会取得重大成就时，我引以为荣。
6. 别人遭遇不幸时，我觉得与我无关。
7. 无论社会上出现什么事情，我都漠不关心。
8. 我认为社会上那些助人行为都没什么价值。
9. 我觉得社会中需要帮助的人和我无关。
10. 我不会主动对需要帮助的人施以援手。
11. 社会上不公平的现象让我充满怨言。
12. 我认为许多关系到社会民生的措施并没有真正有益于民众。
13. 我总是和别人抱怨各种社会问题。
14. 当我遇到困难时，我会抱怨社会给我的帮助太少。
15. 看到那些拥有特权的人，我总是愤愤不平。
16. 看到社会中有人遭遇不幸时，我心生怜悯。
17. 我同情那些遭遇暴力却无能为力的人。
18. 我想给予弱势群体更多的帮助。
19. 我很同情社会上那些有悲惨遭遇的人。
20. 我对医保等利民政策怀有感恩之情。
21. 我感谢社会给我的生活带来的便捷与福利。
22. 我愿意用我的所学所得来回馈社会。
23. 当社会存在不稳定因素时，我会非常不安。
24. 看到负面新闻时，我总是感到焦虑。
25. 我担心社会政策的变化会对我的生活产生不利影响。
26. 我认为只要结果是好的，过程怎样都无所谓。
27. 我觉得社会上大部分人都是通过走捷径获得成功。
28. 当下社会环境中，我很难脚踏实地地做事。

Items in English

1. The rapid development of national science and technology makes me feel amazing.
2. No matter where I go, I am willing to tell others about China’s prosperity.
3. I feel proud when scientists and athletes achieve significant accomplishments.
4. I think our social system is something to be proud of.
5. I take pride in the significant achievements of the nation and society.
6. I feel indifferent when others encounter misfortunes.
7. I remain indifferent regardless of what happens in society.
8. I think helping behaviors in society are not valuable.
9. I feel that those in need of help in society have nothing to do with me.
10. I will not actively lend a hand to those in need.
11. Unfair phenomena in society fill me with complaints.
12. I believe that many measures related to people’s livelihood do not truly benefit the public.
13. I always complain to others about various social issues.
14. When I face difficulties, I complain that society offers me too little help.
15. I often feel resentful when seeing those with privileges.
16. I feel compassion when I see someone in society facing misfortunes.
17. I sympathize with those who have suffered violence but feel powerless.
18. I want to provide more help to vulnerable groups.
19. I feel very sympathetic towards those who have tragic experiences in society.
20. I have gratitude towards welfare policies like healthcare.
21. I am thankful for the convenience and benefits society has brought to my life.
22. I am willing to give back to society with what I have learned.
23. I feel very uneasy when there are unstable factors in society.
24. I always feel anxious when I see negative news.
25. I worry that changes in social policy may adversely affect my life.
26. I believe that as long as the outcome is good, the process does not matter.
27. I feel that most people in society achieve success through shortcuts.
28. It is difficult for me to work steadily in the current social environment.

References

杨柳,杜薇,方平,等.社会情绪量表的编制及信效度检验[J].心理与行为研究,2023,21(04):446-453.
杨柳,杜薇,方平,等.社会情绪对亲社会行为的影响：人际信任的中介作用和社会支持的调节作用[J].心理研究,2024,17(02):132-139.
DOI:10.19988/j.cnki.issn.2095-1159.2024.02.005.