In statistics, deciles are numbers that split a dataset into ten groups of equal frequency.

The first decile is the point where 10% of all data values lie below it.

The second decile is the point where 20% of all data values lie below it, and so forth.

You can use the following basic syntax to calculate the deciles for a dataset in SAS:

/*calculate decile values for variable called var1*/
proc univariatedata=original_data;
    var var1;
    output out=decile_data;
    pctlpts = 10 to 100 by 10pctlpre = D_;
run;

Note: The pctlpts statement specifies which deciles to calculate and the pctlpre statement specifies the prefix to use for the deciles in the output.

The following example shows how to use this syntax in practice.

Example: How to Calculate Deciles in SAS

Suppose we have the following dataset in SAS that contains two variables:

/*create dataset*/
data original_data;
    input team $ points;
    datalines;
A 12
A 15
A 16
A 21
A 22
A 25
A 29
A 31
B 16
B 22
B 25
B 29
B 30
B 31
B 33
B 38
;
run;

/*view dataset*/
proc printdata=original_data;

The following code shows how to calculate the deciles for the points variable in the dataset

/*calculate decile values for points*/
proc univariatedata=original_data;
    var points;
    output out=decile_data
    pctlpts = 10 to 100 by 10pctlpre = D_;
run;

/*view deciles for points*/
proc printdata=decile_data;

Here’s how to interpret the output:

• The value of the first decile is 15.
• The value of the second decile is 16.
• The value of the third decile is 21.
• The value of the fourth decile is 22.

And so on.

The following tutorials explain how to perform other common tasks in SAS: