You can use the following basic syntax with the groupby() function in pandas to group by two columns and aggregate another column:

df.groupby(['var1', 'var2'])['var3'].mean()

This particular example groups the DataFrame by the var1 and var2 columns, then calculates the mean of the var3 column.

The following examples show how to group by two columns and aggregate using the following pandas DataFrame:

import pandas as pd

#create DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame({'team': ['A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'B'],
                   'position': ['G', 'G', 'F', 'F', 'F', 'G', 'G', 'G', 'G', 'F'],
                   'points': [15, 22, 24, 25, 20, 35, 34, 19, 14, 12]})

#view DataFrame
print(df)

  team position  points
0    A        G      15
1    A        G      22
2    A        F      24
3    A        F      25
4    A        F      20
5    B        G      35
6    B        G      34
7    B        G      19
8    B        G      14
9    B        F      12

Example 1: Groupby Two Columns and Calculate Mean of Another Column

We can use the following syntax to calculate the mean value of the points column, grouped by the team and position columns:

#calculate mean of points grouped by team and position columns
df.groupby(['team', 'position'])['points'].mean()

team  position
A     F           23.0
      G           18.5
B     F           12.0
      G           25.5
Name: points, dtype: float64

From the output we can see:

• The mean points value for players on team A in position F is 23.
• The mean points value for players on team A in position G is 18.5.

And so on.

Example 2: Groupby Two Columns and Calculate Max of Another Column

We can use the following syntax to calculate the max value of the points column, grouped by the team and position columns:

#calculate max of points grouped by team and position columns
df.groupby(['team', 'position'])['points'].max()

team  position
A     F           25
      G           22
B     F           12
      G           35
Name: points, dtype: int64

From the output we can see:

• The max points value for players on team A in position F is 25.
• The max points value for players on team A in position G is 22.

And so on.

Example 3: Groupby Two Columns and Count Occurrences

We can use the following syntax to count the occurrences of each combination of the team and position columns:

#count occurrences of each combination of team and position columns
df.groupby(['team', 'position']).size()

team  position
A     F           3
      G           2
B     F           1
      G           4
dtype: int64

From the output we can see:

• There are 3 players on team A in position F.
• There are 2 players on team A in position G.

And so on.

The following tutorials explain how to perform other common tasks in pandas: