1 | I feel that I have not made it in life | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
2 | I feel that I am a successful person | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
3 | I feel defeated by life | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
4 | I feel that I am basically a winner | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
5 | I feel that I have lost my standing in the world | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
6 | I feel that life has treated me like a punch bag | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
7 | I feel powerless | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
8 | I feel that my confidence has been knocked out of me | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
9 | I feel able to deal with whatever life throws at me | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
10 | I feel that I have sunk to the bottom of the ladder | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
11 | I feel completely knocked out of action | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
12 | I feel that I am one of life’s losers | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
13 | I feel that I have given up | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
14 | I feel down and out | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
15 | I feel that I have lost important battles in life | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
16 | I feel that there is no fight left in me | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Gilbert‚ P. & Allen‚ S. (1998). The role of defeat and entrapment (arrested flight) in depression: An exploration of an evolutionary view. Psychological Medicine‚ 28‚ 585-598.
Gilbert‚ P.‚ Allan‚ S.‚ Brough‚ S.‚ Melley‚ S. & Miles‚ J. (2002). Anhedonia and positive affect: relationship to social rank‚ defeat and entrapment. Journal of Affective Disorders‚ 71‚ 141-151.
Gilbert‚ P. (2001a). Evolutionary approaches to psychopathology: The role of natural defences. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry‚ 35‚ 17-27.
Gilbert‚ P. (2001b). Depression and stress: A biopsychosocial exploration of evolved functions and mechanisms Stress: The International Journal of the Biology of Stress‚ 4‚ 121-135.
Gilbert. P. (2007). Psychotherapy and Counselling for depression. London: Sage.