Quality of Life Scale – Brief (WHOQOL-BREF)

Instructions:

This assessment asks how you feel about your quality of life, health, or other areas of your life. Please answer all the questions. If you are unsure about which response to give to a question, please choose the one that appears most appropriate. This can often be your first response.

Please keep in mind your standards, hopes, pleasures and concerns. We ask that you think about your life in the last two weeks.

Very poor Poor Neither poor nor good Good Very good
How would you rate your quality of life? 1 2 3 4 5
Very dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Satisfied Very satisfied
How satisfied are you with your health? 1 2 3 4 5
Not al all A little A moderate amount Very much An extreme amount
The following questions ask about how much you have experienced certain things in the last two weeks.

To what extent do you feel that physical pain prevents

you from doing what you need to do?

 5 4 3 2 1
Not at all A little A moderate amount Very much An extreme amount
How much do you need any medical treatment to function in your daily life? 5 4 3 2 1
How much do you enjoy life? 1 2 3 4 5
To what extent do you feel your life to be meaningful? 1 2 3 4 5
Not at all A little A moderate amount Very much Extremely
How well are you able to concentrate? 1 2 3 4 5
How safe do you feel in your daily life? 1 2 3 4 5
How healthy is your physical environment? 1 2 3 4 5

Not at all A little Moderately Mostly Completely
The following questions ask about how completely you experience or were able to do certain things in the last two weeks.

Do you have enough energy for everyday life?

 1 2 3 4 5
Are you able to accept your bodily appearance? 1 2 3 4 5
Have you enough money to meet your needs? 1 2 3 4 5
How available to you is the information that you need in your day-to-day life? 1 2 3 4 5
To what extent do you have the opportunity for leisure activities? 1 2 3 4 5
Very poor Poor Neither poor nor good Good Very good
How well are you able to get around? 1 2 3 4 5
Very dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Satisfied Very satisfied
The following questions ask you to say how good or satisfied you have felt about various aspects of your life over the last two weeks.

How satisfied are you with your sleep?

 1 2 3 4 5
How satisfied are you with your ability to perform your daily living activities? 1 2 3 4 5
How satisfied are you with your capacity for work? 1 2 3 4 5
How satisfied are you with yourself? 1 2 3 4 5
How satisfied are you with your personal relationships? 1 2 3 4 5
How satisfied are you with your sex life? 1 2 3 4 5
How satisfied are you with the support you get from your friends? 1 2 3 4 5
How satisfied are you with the conditions of your living place? 1 2 3 4 5
How satisfied are you with your access to health services? 1 2 3 4 5
How satisfied are you with your transport? 1 2 3 4 5
Never Seldom Quite often Very often Always
The following question refers to how often you have felt or experienced certain things in the last two weeks.

How often do you have negative feelings such as blue

mood, despair, anxiety, depression?

 5 4 3 2 1

Description

The WHOQOL-BREF was developed by the Word Health Organisation as a quality of life assessment that would be applicable cross-culturally. It is a 26 item self report measure, especially useful for measuring outcomes with adults with a psychosocial disability. The scale is designed to measure the impact of disease and impairment on daily activities and behaviour, perceived health, disability and functional capacity. The WHOQOL-BREF measures four factors: 1. Physical health 2. Psychological Health 3. Social relationships 4. Environment

Validity and Reliability

The Quality-of-Life Scale – Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) is a shorter version of the WHOQOL-100, and has been independently validated among people with disability as well as normative samples. Shawver et al. (2016) evaluated the internal consistency of the scales and validated the four domain factor structure. Normative data in an Australian representative sample was collected by Hawthorne et al. (2006). The mean age of the sample was 48 years with educational and occupational patterns that generally mirror the Australian population. The study found that the mean Transformed Score for each domain where: 1. Physical health. 73.5 (SD = 18.1) 2. Psychological Health. 70.6 (SD = 14) 3. Social relationships. 71.5 (SD = 18.2) 4. Environment. 75 (SD = 13)

Interpretation

The total score is presented between 26 and 156, where higher scores represent higher levels of quality of life. A quality of life profile is also produced by examining the four domain scores. 1. Physical Health – (Q 3, 4, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18). Raw scores between 7 and 35. 2. Psychological Health – (Q 5, 6, 7, 11, 19, 26). Raw score between 6 and 30 3. Social relationships – (Q 20, 21, 22). Raw score between 3 and 15. 4. Environment – (Q 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 23, 24, 25). Raw score between 8 and 40 As well as raw scores being presented, a transformed score between 0 and 100 is computed based on methodology published in the WHOQOL-BREF manual. This allows domain scores to be compared to each other. Higher transformed scores are indicative of higher level of quality of life. Scores are also presented a percentile rank against the normative Australian population. Higher percentiles represent higher quality of life, and a percentile 50 represents average quality of life.

Developer

The WHOQOL Group. (1994). The development of the World Health Organization quality of life assessment instrument (the WHOQOL). In J. Orley and W. Kuyken (Eds) Quality of Life Assessment: International Perspectives. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag

Number Of Questions

26

References

Shawver, Z., Griffith, J. D., Adams, L. T., Evans, J. V., Benchoff, B., & Sargent, R. (2016). An examination of the WHOQOL-BREF using four popular data collection methods. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 446-454.

Hawthorne, G., Herrman, H., & Murphy, B. (2006). Interpreting the WHOQOL-BREF: Preliminary population norms and effect sizes. Social Indicators Research, 77(1), 37-59.

Developer Reference:

The WHOQOL Group. (1994). The development of the World Health Organization quality of life assessment instrument (the WHOQOL). In J. Orley and W. Kuyken (Eds) Quality of Life Assessment: International Perspectives. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag

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