Cuestionario de Pica y Rumiación (CuPRu)

Abstract

The Cuestionario de Pica y Rumiación (CuPRu), also known as the Pica and Rumination Questionnaire, is an instrument designed to identify symptoms and behaviors associated with Pica and Rumination Disorder. Developed by Medina-Tepal et al. (2023), it is specifically tailored for Mexican adolescents and young adults. The development process began with an extensive literature review to generate an initial pool of items, which were then refined by an expert panel. The original version comprised 45 items across four subscales: regurgitation, gastrointestinal symptoms, consumption of nonfood/raw or unprocessed substances, and pica symptoms. Following data collection from a sample of Mexican adolescents and young adults, factor analysis revealed a robust 4-factor solution for a refined set of 18 items. The instrument’s reliability and validity have been thoroughly evaluated and reported.

Keywords

Rumination Disorder; Mexican Youth; Adolescents; Young Adults; Regurgitation; Gastrointestinal Symptoms; Consumption of Nonfood/Raw Or Unprocessed Substances; Pica Symptoms; Pica Symptoms; Rumination Disorder

Authors

Medina-Tepal, Karla Areli; Vázquez-Arévalo, Rosalia; Calleja-Bello, Nazira; Mancilla-Díaz, Juan Manuel

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Purpose

The CuPRu is designed to assess behaviors associated with Pica and Rumination Disorder in Mexican adolescents and young people. This includes evaluating behaviors such as regurgitation, gastrointestinal symptoms, consumption of nonfood/raw or unprocessed substances, and other pica-related symptoms.

Validity

The validity of the CuPRu was established through multiple approaches. Content validity was assessed using the Aiken V coefficient, which measures the degree of agreement among judges. A value of less than 0.85 was set as the criterion for item elimination, and notably, no item scored below this threshold, indicating strong expert consensus. Construct validity was supported by the results of the factor analysis, which confirmed the structural integrity of the measure.

Reliability

The internal consistency of the CuPRu was evaluated using both Alpha and Omega coefficients. The Alpha coefficient was reported as 0.85, and the Omega coefficient was 0.93, indicating high internal consistency for the scale.

Factor Analysis

Both Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted on the CuPRu. The analysis revealed a four-factor structure for the final 18 items, which collectively explained 48.35% of the variance. The model fit indices corroborated an adequate fit, with CMIN = 2.41, GFI = 0.92, AGFI = 0.89, CFI = 0.93, RMR = 0.063, and RMSEA = 0.064. Furthermore, Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis indicated that all items discriminated adequately (values >1). The location parameters for the majority of items fell within the expected range of -3 to 3, suggesting appropriate item difficulty.

Instrument

Test Type: Original
Format: Items are rated using five-point Likert-type options, ranging from 0 to 4.
Language Available: Spanish
Population Group: Human (Male and Female adolescents and young adults).
Age Group: Childhood (6-12 years), Adolescence (13-17 years), Adulthood (18 years and older), Young Adulthood (18-29 years).
Population Details: The respondents were adolescents and young adults from Mexico.
Test Methodology: The methodology included Test Validity (Construct Validity, Content Validity), Test Reliability (Internal Consistency), Factor Analysis (Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis), and Item Response Theory.

Keywords

Rumination Disorder; Mexican Youth; Adolescents; Young Adults; Regurgitation; Gastrointestinal Symptoms; Consumption of Nonfood/Raw Or Unprocessed Substances; Pica Symptoms

Authors

Medina-Tepal, Karla Areli
Author ORCID Identifier: No data is Available
Affiliation: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala
Email Address: [email protected]
Correspondence Address: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Mexico, [email protected]

Vázquez-Arévalo, Rosalia
Author ORCID Identifier: No data is Available
Affiliation: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición
Email Address: No data is Available

Calleja-Bello, Nazira
Author ORCID Identifier: No data is Available
Affiliation: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Psicología
Email Address: No data is Available

Mancilla-Díaz, Juan Manuel
Author ORCID Identifier: No data is Available
Affiliation: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición
Email Address: No data is Available

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

Permissions: May use for Research/Teaching
Commercial Use: No
Fee: No
Test Year: 2023

References

Medina-Tepal, K. A., Vázquez-Arévalo, R., Calleja-Bello, N., & Mancilla-Díaz, J. M. (2023). Construcción y validación del Cuestionario de Pica y Rumiación (CuPRu) en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes mexicanos [Construction and validation of the Pica and Rumination Questionnaire in Mexican adolescents and young adults]. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 10(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33776/rpcna.v10.i2.4632

Items of the Pica and Rumination Questionnaire (CuPRu)

The CuPRu is an 18-item measure, with items rated on a five-point Likert-type scale (0-4). The measure is structured into four distinct subscales:

• Regurgitation

• Gastrointestinal symptoms

• Consumption of nonfood/raw or unprocessed substances

• Pica symptoms

The specific items of the questionnaire are available in the source reference: Medina-Tepal et al. (2023), Table 6, Pages 6-7.

Regurgitar

• Después de comer regurgito los alimentos, es decir, siento que los alimentos regresan a mi boca y los vuelvo a masticar, escupir o tragar

• En la última semana regurgité

• Cuando me siento muy preocupado o estresado regurgito.

• Regurgito sin causa aparente.

• Cuando los alimentos regresan a mi boca (regurgito) siento nauseas o vómito.

Síntomas gastrointestinales

• Siento ardor o acidez en el pecho, estómago o garganta

• Siento inflamado el estómago como si tuviera aire adentro y como consecuencia me duele o arde.

• Cuando como chile o cosas picantes siento que me arde el estómago o la garganta

• Siento inflamado el estómago y me dan ganas de vomitar.

Consumo de sustancias no comestibles crudas o no procesadas

• Número de sustancias no alimentarias consumidas.

• Frecuencia de sustancias no alimentarias consumidas

• Número de sustancias crudas o no procesadas consumidas.

• Número de sustancias no alimentarias consumidas.

Síntomas de Pica

• Encuentro agradable o placentero consumir sustancias no comestibles, crudas o no procesadas

• Dedico mucho tiempo a pensar en comer alguna sustancia no comestible cruda o no procesada.

• Me avergüenza aceptar que consumo sustancias no comestibles, crudas o no procesadas.

• A pesar de las consecuencias negativas en mi salud, sigo consumiendo alimentos no comestibles, crudos o no procesados.

• Tengo problemas de salud por comer alimentos crudos o sustancias no comestibles.