Cuestionario de Miedo a la Recurrencia del Cáncer (CMRC)

Abstract

The Cuestionario de Miedo a la Recurrencia del Cáncer (CMRC), also known as the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Questionnaire, is an 8-item rating scale designed to assess fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) among cancer survivors in Spain. This instrument was developed to address the scarcity of FCR measures validated in the Spanish population. The development process involved selecting an initial pool of 22 items from existing FCR scales identified through a comprehensive literature review, which were then adapted into Spanish. Content validity was established through expert assessment, leading to the removal of 12 items. The resulting 10-item measure was subsequently administered to gynecological cancer survivors in Spain. Further analysis indicated that removing two additional items positively impacted the scale’s reliability, culminating in the final 8-item version. The scale’s internal consistency and predictive validity have been reported.

Keywords

Cancer Recurrence, Cancer Survivors, Fear of Cancer Recurrence, Gynecological Cancer Survivors, Client Attitudes, Fear, Illness Behavior, Neoplasms, Physical Illness (Attitudes Toward), Relapse (Disorders), Health Attitude Measures

Authors

del Prado, Celia Ibáñez; Aleksandrovna, Volha Zontava; Cruzado, Juan Antonio; Ospina, Gloria Marquina; Santos, Javier García; Nodal, Inés Rodríguez; del Amo, Mónica Bellón; Fernández, Aránzazu Manzano; Herráez, Antonio Casado

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Purpose

The primary purpose of the Cuestionario de Miedo a la Recurrencia del Cáncer (CMRC) is to assess the level of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) experienced by cancer survivors.

Validity

Predictive Validity: A significant positive correlation was observed between the CMRC and anxiety symptoms as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Zigmond & Snaith, 1983). However, no significant correlation was found between FCR and depressive symptomatology. While FCR did not significantly correlate with overall quality of life or symptom subscales, it did show a significant correlation with the “emotional function” subscale of the area of functioning (r= -0.313; p=0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis confirmed a strong positive and significant relationship between the CMRC and the single-item Escala General del Miedo a la Recurrencia del Cáncer (EGMRC; del Prado et al., 2023) (r=0.841, p<0.01).

Content Validity: Experts evaluated the instrument and deemed it appropriate, with Aiken’s V values for each item exceeding 0.76.

Reliability

Internal Consistency: The Cuestionario de Miedo a la Recurrencia del Cáncer (CMRC) demonstrated good internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.851.

Factor Analysis

No data is Available.

Instrument

Test Type: Original
Format: The measure uses an 8-item, 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 4 (0 = Not at all; 1 = Little; 2 = Moderately; 3 = A lot; 4 = Totally agree).
Language Available: Spanish
Population Group: Human, Female
Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older), Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs), Thirties (30-39 yrs), Middle Age (40-64 yrs), Aged (65 yrs & older)
Population Details: The study was conducted in Spain, and the respondents were gynecological cancer survivors.
Test Methodology: Test Validity, Content Validity, Predictive Validity, Test Reliability, Internal Consistency.

Keywords

Cancer Recurrence, Cancer Survivors, Fear of Cancer Recurrence, Gynecological Cancer Survivors

Authors

Author ORCID Identifier and Affiliation:

• del Prado, Celia Ibáñez: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad Psicología

• Aleksandrovna, Volha Zontava: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad Psicología

• Cruzado, Juan Antonio: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad Psicología

• Ospina, Gloria Marquina: Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos Servicio de Oncología Médica

• Santos, Javier García: Instituto de Salud de la Mujer del Hospital Clínico San Carlos

• Nodal, Inés Rodríguez: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad Psicología

• del Amo, Mónica Bellón: Instituto de Salud de la Mujer del Hospital Clínico San Carlos

• Fernández, Aránzazu Manzano: Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos Oncología Médica

• Herráez, Antonio Casado: Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos Oncología Médica

Email addresses:

• del Prado, Celia Ibáñez: [email protected]

• Aleksandrovna, Volha Zontava: [email protected]

• Cruzado, Juan Antonio: [email protected]

• Ospina, Gloria Marquina: [email protected]

• Santos, Javier García: [email protected]

• Nodal, Inés Rodríguez: [email protected]

• del Amo, Mónica Bellón: [email protected]

• Herráez, Antonio Casado: [email protected]

Correspondence Address:

del Prado, Celia Ibáñez: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad Psicología, Ciudad Universitaria, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain, 28223, [email protected]

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

Permissions: May be used for Research/Teaching purposes.
Fee: No fee is required.
Commercial Use: No
Test Year: 2023
Website: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

del Prado, C. I., Aleksandrovna, V. Z., Cruzado, J. A., Ospina, G. M., Santos, J. G., Nodal, I. R., del Amo, M. B., Fernández, A. M., & Herráez, A. C. (2023). Evaluación del miedo a la recurrencia del cáncer en español: El Cuestionario de Miedo a la Recurrencia del Cáncer y Escala General del Miedo a la Recurrencia del Cáncer: un estudio piloto [Assessment of fear of cancer recurrence in Spanish: Fear of Recurrence Questionnaire and the General Scale of Fear of Cancer Recurrence: A pilot study]. Psicooncología, 20(1), 155–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-023-07085-0

Items of the Cuestionario de Miedo a la Recurrencia del Cáncer (CMRC)

This measure consists of 8 items. The specific items are available in the source reference: del Prado, C. I. et al. (2023). Psicooncología, 20(1), Table 7, Page 167.

Items

1. Estoy preocupado/a o ansioso/a por la posibilidad de volver a tener cáncer

2. La preocupación sobre la vuelta del cáncer supone un gran problema para mí

3. Pensar en la posibilidad de que el cáncer vuelva me impide disfrutar de las cosas como lo hacía antes de la enfermedad

4. Las personas cercanas a mí consideran que me preocupo excesivamente porque vuelva el cáncer

5. Las revisiones médicas me hacen sentir miedo por la posible vuelta del cáncer

6. Cuando me asaltan los pensamientos sobre la vuelta del cáncer trato de evitarlos

7. Mi temor a que el cáncer vuelva me dificulta hacer planes de futuro

8. Evito situaciones o cosas que me hacen pensar en la posibilidad de que el cáncer reaparezca

Note. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale: 0) No en absoluto; 1) Poco; 2) Medianamente 3) Mucho; 4) Totalmente de acuerdo.