Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale – Chinese Version

Description

The research findings regarding the family environment and child development indicate that not only the family structure affects children’s development, but also the negative interactions among family members, such as marital conflict, have a greater negative impact on child development. Marital conflict refers to verbal or physical attacks and disputes between spouses due to disagreements or other reasons, which can be specifically defined by features such as the frequency, intensity, content, style of the conflict, and whether the conflict is resolved. Almost all marriages experience some degree of conflict, but not all marital conflicts impose stress on children’s growth. Hetherington and others found that only marital conflicts exposed to children are associated with negative child development, while concealed conflicts that children are unaware of have a weak relationship with negative developmental outcomes. This suggests that open and perceivable marital conflicts are more accurate predictors of children’s behavioral problems than concealed conflicts. Comparing reports of marital conflict from children, the conflicting parties (parents), and other observers, researchers found that differing coding standards for marital conflict lead to different cognitive evaluations of the same conflict. For instance, what children perceive as severe marital conflict may not be coded as such by parents or observers. Moreover, parents and observers also struggle to report on the attention children give to parental conflict. Therefore, considering the impact of conflict on child development from the child’s perspective is more reasonable and accurate. Since children’s perceptions of parental conflicts play a dominant role in studying child psychological and behavioral issues, children’s reports are an effective way to collect data on parental conflict. Among various measurement methods in this field, the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC) is the most widely used and general.

Authors and Contact Email

Information not available.

Purpose

The purpose of the CPIC is to gather children’s perceptions of the conflicts between their parents and to explore how these perceptions influence child development and behavior.

Test Year

Information not available.

Administration Method and Scoring

The CPIC is administered to children, who respond to a series of questions regarding their experiences and feelings during parental conflicts. The responses are typically scored in a Likert scale format, which can assess different dimensions of children’s perceptions of parental conflicts.

Reliability and Validity

Information not available.

Factors and Subscales

The CPIC encompasses various factors and subscales that capture the dynamics of parental conflicts as perceived by children.

Keywords

family environment, child development, marital conflict, children’s perceptions, parental conflicts

Items in Chinese

1. 我从来没有见过我爸爸妈妈争吵或意见不一致。
2. 爸爸妈妈每次争吵后，通常还能和好。
3. 爸爸妈妈经常因为我在学校表现不好而争吵。
4. 爸爸妈妈争吵时，他们会发很大的脾气。
5. 爸爸妈妈吵架时，我有办法让自己感觉好受一点。
6. 爸爸妈妈吵架时，我很害怕。
7. 爸爸妈妈争吵时，他们会动手打对方。
8. 爸爸妈妈争吵时，我不责怪自己。
9. 爸爸妈妈经常争吵或意见不和。
10. 即使爸爸妈妈已经吵完架了，他们仍然互相生气。
11. 爸爸妈妈争吵时，我常常埋怨自己。
12. 爸爸妈妈意见不一致时，他们会很平静地商量。
13. 当爸爸妈妈争吵时，我不知道我该怎么办。
14. 即使当着我的面，爸爸妈妈也经常相互指责。
15. 爸爸妈妈争吵时，我会担心有什么坏事降临到我头上。
16. 爸爸妈妈吵完架后，仍然会彼此友好。
17. 爸爸妈妈争吵时，我觉得这全都怪我。
18. 我经常看到爸爸妈妈正在吵架。
19. 爸爸妈妈在一件事情上意见不同时，最后还是能取得一致。
20. 爸爸妈妈的争吵通常与我有关。
21. 当爸爸妈妈争吵时，根本不听我劝说。
22. 爸爸妈妈吵架时，他们会互相骂对方。
23. 爸爸妈妈吵架或意见不和时，我有办法劝说他们和好。
24. 当爸爸妈妈吵架时，我担心会发生什么可怕的事情。
25. 爸爸妈妈吵架通常不能怪我。
26. 即使爸爸妈妈不说，我也知道他们争吵都是因为我不好。
27. 我爸爸妈妈几乎从来没有争吵过。
28. 爸爸妈妈争吵时，通常很快就能和。
29. 爸爸妈妈经常因为我做的事情而争吵。
30. 爸爸妈妈吵架时，我担心他们会离婚。
31. 爸爸妈妈吵架时，经常会大喊大叫。
32. 当爸爸妈妈争吵时，我没有办法阻止他们。
33. 爸爸妈妈争吵时，我担心他们会受伤。
34. 爸爸妈妈争吵时，我害怕他们也对我大吼大叫。
35. 爸爸妈妈在家经常互相指责、抱怨。
36. 爸爸妈妈意见不同时，从来不大声吵闹。
37. 当我做错事时，爸爸妈妈经常因此而争吵。
38. 我爸爸妈妈争吵时，经常摔东西。
39. 爸爸妈妈吵完架后，仍然彼此不满。
40. 当爸爸妈妈吵架时，我没办法让自己好受些。

Items in English

1. I have never seen my dad and mom arguing or disagreeing.
2. My dad and mom usually reconcile after each argument.
3. My dad and mom often argue about my poor performance in school.
4. When my dad and mom argue, they get very angry.
5. I have ways to make myself feel better when my dad and mom fight.
6. I feel scared when my dad and mom argue.
7. My dad and mom hit each other when they argue.
8. I do not blame myself when my dad and mom argue.
9. My dad and mom often argue or disagree.
10. Even after my dad and mom have finished arguing, they are still angry with each other.
11. I often blame myself when my dad and mom argue.
12. When my dad and mom disagree, they talk calmly.
13. I don’t know what to do when my dad and mom argue.
14. Even in front of me, my dad and mom often blame each other.
15. I worry that something bad will happen to me when my dad and mom argue.
16. After my dad and mom argue, they remain friendly with each other.
17. I feel like it’s all my fault when my dad and mom argue.
18. I often see my dad and mom fighting.
19. When my dad and mom disagree about something, they eventually come to an agreement.
20. My parents’ arguments are usually about me.
21. When my dad and mom argue, they don’t listen to me at all.
22. My dad and mom call each other names when they argue.
23. When my dad and mom argue or disagree, I can persuade them to make up.
24. I worry that something terrible will happen when my dad and mom argue.
25. My parents’ arguments are usually not my fault.
26. Even if my parents don’t say it, I know their arguments are because of my wrongdoing.
27. My dad and mom hardly ever argue.
28. My dad and mom usually quickly make up after an argument.
29. My dad and mom often argue about the things I do.
30. I worry that my dad and mom will get divorced when they argue.
31. My dad and mom often shout when they argue.
32. I cannot stop my dad and mom when they argue.
33. I worry that my dad and mom will get hurt when they argue.
34. I fear they will also yell at me when my dad and mom argue.
35. My dad and mom frequently blame and complain about each other at home.
36. When my dad and mom disagree, they never raise their voices.
37. When I do something wrong, my dad and mom often argue about it.
38. My dad and mom often throw things when they argue.
39. Even after my dad and mom argue, they remain dissatisfied with each other.
40. I can’t find a way to make myself feel better when my dad and mom argue.

References

Hetherington等人