Self-determination Scale – Chinese Version

Description

This document discusses Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as explored by Deci et al. (1989), which focuses on the extent to which individuals can self-determine and voluntarily engage in behaviors, as well as the conditions necessary for the emergence of intrinsic motivation. Subsequent research by Deci et al. (2000) reinforces the notion that humans possess growth potential and adopt a fundamentally positive outlook. When individuals overcome challenges, the resulting achievements satisfy psychological needs, influencing their judgment of external conditions and subsequent behaviors. The theory posits that individuals across all cultures and levels of development have fundamental psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which can be supported or hindered by social environments. Meeting these needs increases motivation to change or maintain behaviors.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

The purpose of this research is to understand the psychological needs categorized under Self-Determination Theory, emphasizing autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

The Self-Determination Scale (SDS), developed by Standage et al. (2005), consists of 17 items across three dimensions: 自主 (Autonomy), 能力 (Competence), and 归属 (Relatedness). Xi and Hamari (2019) shortened the scale to 12 items. Each item is scored on a 7-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating stronger self-determination.

Reliability and Validity

The Cronbach’s α coefficients for the three dimensions in the original study were 0.817 for 自主 (Autonomy), 0.824 for 能力 (Competence), and 0.829 for 归属 (Relatedness). In the Chinese version used by Ma Mengchen, the coefficients were 0.697 for 自主 (Autonomy), 0.884 for 能力 (Competence), and 0.859 for 归属 (Relatedness).

Factors and Subscales

The three psychological needs in Self-Determination Theory are:
– 自主 (Autonomy): The ability to work according to one’s own will.
– 能力 (Competence): The fulfillment and acknowledgment of one’s abilities.
– 归属 (Relatedness): The need to connect with others, organizations, and society.

Keywords

Self-Determination Theory, autonomy, competence, relatedness, psychological needs, SDS

Items in Chinese

1. 我可以自由参与其中
2. 我可以自由表达我的想法和观点
3. 我可以不受外界压力的影响自由参与其中
4. 当我参与其中，我觉得我可以做我自己
5. 我认为我在其中相当出色
6. 我对我在其中的表现感到满意
7. 我觉得自己是里面的专家
8. 我觉得自己在其中是个称职的人
9. 我觉得其他人关心我说什么和我做什么
10. 我感觉得到了其他用户的支持
11. 我觉得我对其他用户来说是一个有价值的人
12. 我觉得我被理解了

Items in English

1. I feel free to visit this online community
2. I feel free to express my ideas and opinions in the online community
3. I feel free from outside pressures when I am visiting the online community
4. I feel I can be myself when I visit the online community
5. I feel like a competent person when I visit the online community
6. I am satisfied with my performance when I visit the online community
7. I feel like an expert in the online community
8. I think that I am pretty good when I visit the online community
9. When I visit the online community, I feel supported by other users
10. When I visit the online community, I feel that I am understood
11. When I visit the online community, I feel that I am a valuable person to others
12. When I visit the online community, I feel like other people care what I have to say and what I do

References

马梦晨.游戏化对知识贡献与知识搜寻的影响[D].东华大学,2023.DOI:10.27012/d.cnki.gdhuu.2023.000135.
Xi, N., Hamari, J. Does gamification satisfy needs? A study on the relationship between gamification features and intrinsic need satisfaction[J]. International Journal of Information Management. 2019, 46:210-221.