| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Description | The Picture Q Technique (PQT; Tiffany & Shontz, 1962) measures an aspect of the self-concept relevant to the preadolescent stage of development, specifically focusing on parental control as experienced by the child. It consists of 48 cartoons depicting adult-child interactions, ranging from permissiveness to complete control. The child sorts the pictures into five categories based on perceived control-freedom and the sex of the adult. Reliability coefficients for composite scores were high, ranging from .85 to .91 across age levels. |
| Author | Donald W. Tiffany; Franklin C. Shontz |
| Purpose | To measure perceived parental control as experienced by the child during the preadolescent stage of development. |
| Construct | Perceived Parental Control |
| Instrument Type | Q Sort |
| Administration Method | Paper |
| Test Year | 1962 |
| Format | 48 cartoons depicting adult-child interactions |
| Test Items Available | No; contact the publisher for access to test items. |
| Reliability | Test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from .85 to .91 across three age levels (6, 8, and 10 years). |
| Validity | No validity data available. |
| Factor Analysis | Not indicated. |
| Classification | Attitudes, Interests, Values, and Expectancies |
| Age Group | Childhood (birth-12 years); School Age (6-12 years) |
| Population Group | Human; Male |
| Population Details | Sample: Male Elementary School Students; Location: United States |
| Keywords | Adult-Child Interaction; Child Development; Parental Control; Picture Q Technique; Q Sort Methodology; Self-Concept |
| Index Terms | Childhood Development; Measurement; Parent-Child Relations; Self-Concept; Test Construction; Test Reliability; Q-Sort |
| Reference | Tiffany, D. W., & Shontz, F. C. (1962). The measurement of experienced control in preadolescents. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 26(6), 491–497. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043969 |
Cite this article
Mohammed looti (2026). Picture Q Technique (PQT). PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Retrieved from https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/picture-q-technique-pqt/
Mohammed looti. "Picture Q Technique (PQT)." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 4 Apr. 2026, https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/picture-q-technique-pqt/.
Mohammed looti. "Picture Q Technique (PQT)." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 2026. https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/picture-q-technique-pqt/.
Mohammed looti (2026) 'Picture Q Technique (PQT)', PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Available at: https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/picture-q-technique-pqt/.
[1] Mohammed looti, "Picture Q Technique (PQT)," PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, vol. X, no. Y, ص Z-Z, April, 2026.
Mohammed looti. Picture Q Technique (PQT). PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. 2026;vol(issue):pages.