Aberrant Riding Behavior of Food Delivery Riders – Model

Aberrant Riding Behavior of Food Delivery Riders – Model

This model assesses various factors related to aberrant riding behavior among food delivery riders, including safety knowledge, attitudes, risk perception, and self-reported behaviors.

I. Scale Components and Items

The model is composed of three main sections: Safety Knowledge (SK), Safety Attitudes and Risk Perception (RP), and Aberrant Riding Behaviors.

A. Safety Knowledge (SK)

This section assesses the rider’s understanding of safety-related information. Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Totally Uninformed) to 5 (Very Well-Informed).

• A1. Exposure to safety training or awareness education

• A2. Understanding of e-bike traffic-related codes or laws

• A3. Understanding of rider accident insurance

B. Safety Attitudes and Risk Perception (RP)

This section examines riders’ attitudes toward safety and their perception of risk. Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree).

• A4. I will be responsible for the safety of others during the delivery process.

• A5. I will do my best to prevent crashes during the delivery process.

• A6. I will feel guilty if a crash occurs due to my own fault.

• A7. I think every delivery rider should be responsible for his or her own behavior.

• A8. If a crash occurs, it will seriously affect the family’s life. (Note: Items in this factor are reverse-scored in subsequent analysis)

• A9. I think it is okay to violate traffic rules to pursue faster delivery while ensuring safety.

• A10. Sometimes it is possible to violate traffic rules to ensure the goods are delivered on time.

• RP-s G1. How risky do you think running a red light on an e-bike is?

• RP-s G2. How risky do you think drunk-riding is?

• RP-s G3. How risky do you think riding in the opposite direction because the vehicle in front of you is blocking the traffic is?

• RP-s G4. How risky do you think pulling into a motor lane when the non-motor lane is congested is?

• RP-s G5. How risky do you think traveling at a higher speed than the surrounding traffic is?

• RP-p G6. Possibility of being injured in a crash in the next 12 months

• RP-p G7. Possibility of being involved in a crash in the next 12 months.

C. Aberrant Riding Behaviors

This section assesses the frequency of specific unsafe riding behaviors. Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale with numbers 1-5 indicating Never, Rarely, Occasionally, Sometimes, and Always, respectively.

• F1. Speeding (over 25 km/h)

• F2. Running a red light

• F3. Running a yellow light

• F4. Riding in the opposite direction

• F5. Occupying a motor lane

• F6. Changing lanes at your own discretion

• F7. Making/receiving phone calls

• F8. Not using a turn signal when making a turn

• F9. Turning too fast and making the e-bike difficult to control

• F10. Inattention and almost colliding with pedestrians or objects

• F11. Forcibly approaching or cutting through when the vehicle in front of you is turning right

• F12. Not slowing down before an intersection

• F13. Not slowing down to give way when entering or leaving a pedestrian area (e.g., a school or a bus stop)

• F14. Scrambling when merging with other vehicles

• F15. Checking delivery routes (using cell phones) during the delivery process

• F16. Drinking or eating in the delivery process

• F17. Not slowing down when passing vehicles

• F18. Not slowing down on rainy roads

Note: The last four items (F15-F18) were excluded from the final measure.

II. References

This model draws upon existing research in traffic safety and rider behavior:

• Wang et al., 2010;

• Wang et al., 2021;

• Nguyen-Phuoc et al., 2020;

• Jamil et al., 2021;

• Zhao et al., 2021;

• Shi et al., 2010;