Escala de Elogios Otorgados por Cuidadores Primarios a Infantes

Abstract

The Escala de Elogios Otorgados por Cuidadores Primarios a Infantes (Mancini et al., 2023) is a self-report instrument comprising 13 items designed to measure the different varieties of praise that primary caregivers or parents direct toward infants. This measure was created to address a noted absence of self-report tools for assessing praise. Initially, a scale was developed with 17 items, featuring phrases potentially used by caregivers that correspond to the three categories of praise the authors aimed to investigate: process, person, and product. The construction of these items was informed by previous research that utilized these classifications (Gunderson et al., 2013; Kelley et al., 2000; Lucca et al., 2019), and the items were further validated by expert researchers. The measure was administered online to a sample of primary caregivers in Argentina who had infants between 0 and 36 months of age. An exploratory factor analysis confirmed a three-factor structure, leading to the retention of 13 items. The internal consistency of the scale was also reported. However, a confirmatory factor analysis was not performed, and other validity assessments were not carried out.

Keywords

Caregivers, Early Childhood Development, Family and Parenting Measures, Infants, Parent Child Communication, Parent Child Relations, Parenting Style, Positive Feedback, Praise, Praise of Person, Praise of Process, Praise of Product, Praise Self Report, Primary Caregiver Praise, Self-Report, Types of Praise

Authors

Mancini, Natalia A.; Schetsche, Christian; Morales, Leandro J.; Simaes, Ailín C.; Gago Galvano, Lucas G.

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Purpose

The objective of this instrument is to evaluate the specific types of praise that primary caregivers administer to infants aged 0 to 36 months.

Construct

Parental Praise

Validity

No data is Available

Reliability

The internal consistency for the dimensions of the scale was calculated, yielding the following Cronbach’s alpha coefficients: process (α = .91), product (α = .74), and person (α = .73).

Factor Analysis

An exploratory factor analysis was conducted utilizing the principal axes method, in conjunction with a parallel analysis and an Oblimin rotation method. The analysis of the Scree-Plot supported the extraction of three distinct factors. This initial three-factor structure accounted for 50% of the total variance within the instrument. To enhance the psychometric qualities of the scale, four items were subsequently removed. Following this refinement, the total variance explained by the instrument improved, increasing to 57%.

Instrument

• Test Type: Original Instrument, Inventory/Questionnaire

• Format: The instrument consists of items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with response options ranging from 1 (Never) to 5 (Very often). The instructions provided to respondents are as follows: “Answer how often you use these phrases with your child when doing an activity, imagine the phrases referring to something you usually do, such as For example, a drawing, dancing, an art, writing, reading, a sport or learning something new.” The measure is administered electronically.

• Language Available: Spanish

• Population Group: Human; Male; Female

• Age Group: The measure is intended for caregivers in the following age ranges: Adolescence (13-17 yrs); Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs); Thirties (30-39 yrs); Middle Age (40-64 yrs).

• Population Details: Respondents are parents of children aged 0-3 years, with data collected from individuals in Argentina.

• Test Methodology: Test Reliability; Internal Consistency; Factor Analysis; Exploratory Factor Analysis

Keywords

Primary Caregiver Praise; Infants; Positive Feedback; Praise of Person; Praise of Process; Praise of Product; Praise Self Report; Types of Praise

Authors

Author ocrid Identifier and Affiliation Email addresses Correspondence Address

• Natalia A. Mancini

  • Affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)

  • Email: [email protected]

  • ORCID: No data is Available

• Christian Schetsche

  • Affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)

  • Email: [email protected]

  • ORCID: No data is Available

• Leandro J. Morales

  • Affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)

  • Email: [email protected]

  • ORCID: No data is Available

• Ailín C. Simaes

  • Affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)

  • Email: [email protected]

  • ORCID: No data is Available

• Lucas G. Gago Galvano

  • Affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)

  • Email: [email protected]

  • ORCID: No data is Available

• Correspondence Address: No data is Available

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

• Permissions: Interested parties should contact the corresponding author for permission to use the instrument.

• Fee and Commercial Use: There is no fee to use this measure, and it is not intended for commercial purposes.

• Test Year: 2023

Reference’s

Mancini, N. A., Schetsche, C., Morales, L. J., Simaes, A. C., & Gago Galvano, L. G. (2023). Construcción de una escala para evaluar tipos de elogios otorgados por cuidadores primarios a infantes de 0 a 3 años [Construction of a scale to assess the types of praise given by primary caregivers to infants 0-3 years]. Interdisciplinaria Revista de Psicología y Ciencias Afines, 40(1), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.16888/interd.2023.40.1.9

Items of the Escala de Elogios Otorgados por Cuidadores Primarios a Infantes

The full list of the 13 items for this measure is not available in the provided text. The items can be found in the source document referenced as 2023-93148-009, Appendix 1, Page I.