Parent-Child Attachment Questionnaire / Short Version of Parent and Peer Attachment Questionnaire (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, IPPA) – Chinese Version

Description

The text details the development of attachment theory, originally proposed by psychologist Bowlby in 1973, focusing on the emotional bonds formed between infants and their primary caregivers, usually mothers. The significance of parent-child attachment for child development is emphasized, along with the impacts of deficiencies in warm parent-child relationships on later interpersonal relationships. The document also discusses various models and theories regarding attachment, with a specific focus on the parental and peer attachment questionnaire developed by Armsden and Greenberg, as well as its adaptations and simplifications in later studies.

Authors and Contact Email

Information not available.

Purpose

To explore the quality of parent-child attachment and its implications for personal development through the use of validated questionnaires.

Test Year

The year of the initial questionnaire development is 1987, with adaptations occurring subsequently.

Administration Method and Scoring

Two versions of the attachment questionnaire are presented, one with 13 items and another simplified version with 10 items. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale:
– “1”表示“完全不符合” (1 – “Completely disagree”),
– “2”表示“比较不符合” (2 – “Somewhat disagree”),
– “3”表示“不确定” (3 – “Not sure”),
– “4”表示“比较符合” (4 – “Somewhat agree”),
– “5”表示“完全符合” (5 – “Completely agree”).

The overall attachment quality score can be calculated by adding scores from specific dimensions and subtracting scores from alienation.

Reliability and Validity

The reliability of the questionnaires is reported through Cronbach’s α coefficients:
– For the revised parental attachment questionnaire by Li Nini et al. (2009), the Cronbach’s α for the parent-child trust, communication, and alienation dimensions were 0.93 (overall).
– For Zhu Zhenjie’s study, the Cronbach’s α coefficients were as follows: trust 0.85, communication 0.82, alienation 0.84, with an overall coefficient of 0.92.
– For Armsden & Greenberg’s original questionnaire, reliability coefficients include: trust α = 0.82; alienation α = 0.77; communication α = 0.81.

Factors and Subscales

The dimensions of the questionnaires include:
– 亲子信任 (Parent-Child Trust)
– 亲子沟通 (Parent-Child Communication)
– 亲子疏离 (Parent-Child Alienation)

Keywords

Attachment, Parent-Child Relationship, Attachment Theory, Psychology, Questionnaire

Items in Chinese

1. 对于我关切的事情，我喜欢征求父母的意见。
2. 父母帮助我更好的理解我自己。
3. 我将我的难题和烦恼告诉父母。
4. 父母帮助我讨论我的困难。
5. 父母尊重我的感受。
6. 我认为我的父母是称职的父母。
7. 当我和父母讨论问题时，父母在意我的观点。
8. 父母理解我。
9. 我信任父母。
*10. 和父母相处，我感到不舒服。*
*11. 父母让我感觉愤怒。*
*12. 我从父母那里没得到什么关注。*
*13. 父母不了解我最近的状况。*

Items in English

1. I like to seek my parents’ opinions on matters that concern me.
2. My parents help me understand myself better.
3. I tell my parents about my problems and worries.
4. My parents help me discuss my difficulties.
5. My parents respect my feelings.
6. I think my parents are competent parents.
7. When I discuss issues with my parents, they care about my perspective.
8. My parents understand me.
9. I trust my parents.
*10. I feel uncomfortable when I’m with my parents.*
*11. My parents make me feel angry.*
*12. I don’t get much attention from my parents.*
*13. My parents don’t understand my recent situation.*

References

Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss: Volume I. Attachment. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in Infancy, Childhood, and Adulthood: A Move to the Level of Representation. Sperling, M. A., & Berman, W. H. (1994). The Role of Attachment in Adult Relationships. Armsden, G. & Greenberg, M. (1987). Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. Raja, S. N., McGee, R., & Stanton, W. R. (1992). Reliability and Validity of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment.