Darwinian algorithms are decision making rules which organisms depend on to facilitate information that guide their key decisions which help them survive challenges in their respective environments. These include perceptual inputs which are transformed into motor outputs.
For instance, when some birds perceive that food is becoming scarce as winter is approaching, they migrate to the south.Likewise, herbivores have deep instinctive fears of carnivorous species (even if they have never had any exposure to predators). Such systems are honed through experience overtime and the species who have superior algorithms are more likely to to not only survive but thrive as well.