How do I use numpy.arange to include the endpoint?

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The NumPy arange function can be used to create a sequence of values.

By default, this function doesn’t include the endpoint as part of the sequence of values.

There are two ways to get around this:

Method 1: Add the Step Size to the Endpoint

np.arange(start, stop + step, step)

Method 2: Use the linspace Function Instead

np.linspace(start, stop, num)

The following examples show how to use each method in practice.

Example 1: Add Step Size to the Endpoint

Suppose we would like to create a sequence of values ranging from 0 to 50 with a step size of 5.

If we use the NumPy arange function, the endpoint of 50 will not be included in the sequence by default:

import numpy as np

#specify start, stop, and step size
start = 0
stop = 50
step = 5

#create array
np.arange(start, stop, step)

array([ 0,  5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45])

To include the endpoint of 50, we can simply add the step size to the stop argument:

import numpy as np

#specify start, stop, and step size
start = 0
stop = 50
step = 5

#create array
np.arange(start, stop + step, step)

array([ 0,  5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50])

Notice that the endpoint of 50 is now included in the sequence of values.

Note: You can find the complete documentation for the NumPy arange() function .

Example 2: Use the linspace Function Instead

The following code shows how to use this function to create a sequence of values ranging from 0 to 50:

import numpy as np

#specify start, stop, and number of total values in sequence
start = 0
stop = 50
num = 11

#create array
np.linspace(start, stop, num)

array([ 0.,  5., 10., 15., 20., 25., 30., 35., 40., 45., 50.])

Notice that the endpoint of 50 is included in the sequence of values by default.

Note: You can find the complete documentation for the NumPy arange() function .

The following tutorials explain how to perform other common operations in NumPy: