| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Description | The Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Index of ADL; Katz et al., 1963) measures functional independence or dependence in activities such as bathing, dressing, using the toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding. Developed from observations of patients with hip fractures, this index allows the ranking of individuals based on performance adequacy, which is rated from A to G (or Other). It has been used to evaluate chronic illness, study aging, guide rehabilitation, and more. |
| Author | Katz, Sidney; Ford, Amasa B.; Moskowitz, Roland W.; Jackson, Beverly A.; Jaffe, Marjorie W. |
| Affiliation | No specific affiliation provided |
| Purpose | To evaluate the functional independence or dependence of patients in six key daily activities: bathing, dressing, toilet use, transferring, continence, and feeding. |
| Construct | Activities of Daily Living |
| Instrument Type | Index/Indicator |
| Format | The index consists of 6 items. Each item is rated by the observer who selects the description that best matches the subject’s performance. Adequacy is expressed as a grade (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, or Other). |
| Administration Method | Paper |
| Test Items Available | No (To access the test items, contact the publisher.) |
| Reliability | No reliability indicated |
| Validity | No validity indicated |
| Factor Analysis | No factor analysis indicated |
| Test Methodology | No psychometric information provided |
| Age Group | Adulthood (18 years & older) |
| Population Group | Human |
| Population Details | Intended Sample: Elderly, Chronically Ill |
| Keywords | Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living; Test Development; Elderly; Chronically Ill |
| Index Terms | Activities of Daily Living; Chronic Illness; Geriatric Assessment; Gerontology; Test Construction; Physical Health Assessment |
| Reference | Katz, S., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffe, M. W. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged: The index of ADL: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 185(12), 94–99. |
Cite this article
Mohammed looti (2026). Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Retrieved from https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/index-of-independence-in-activities-of-daily-living/
Mohammed looti. "Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 4 Apr. 2026, https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/index-of-independence-in-activities-of-daily-living/.
Mohammed looti. "Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 2026. https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/index-of-independence-in-activities-of-daily-living/.
Mohammed looti (2026) 'Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living', PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Available at: https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/index-of-independence-in-activities-of-daily-living/.
[1] Mohammed looti, "Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living," PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, vol. X, no. Y, ص Z-Z, April, 2026.
Mohammed looti. Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. 2026;vol(issue):pages.