Scale Overview
The Work Withdrawal Measure – WWM was developed by Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1990). It is designed to measure Organizational Withdrawal. The scale is intended for use with Working adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 12 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Work Withdrawal, Job Withdrawal.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Work Withdrawal |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 |
9 |
| Job Withdrawal |
10,11,12 |
3 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Never, 2 = Once a year, 3 = 2 or 3 times per year, 4 = Every other month, 5 = More than once per month, 6 = Once per week, 7 = More than once per week.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 12 to 84. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Withdrawal: 12 – 36
- Moderate Withdrawal: 37 – 60
- High Withdrawal: 61 – 84
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Alpha coefficients typically range from 0.70 to 0.90 for the subscales..
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.