Scale Overview
The Weinberger Adjustment Inventory – Self-Restraint Scale (WAI-Restraint) was developed by Daniel A. Weinberger & Gary E. Schwartz (1990). It is designed to measure Self-Restraint. The scale is intended for use with Youths, adolescents, and adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 30 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Suppression of Aggression, Impulse Control, Consideration of Others, Responsibility.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Suppression of Aggression |
6,10,20,22,25,28,30 |
7 |
| Impulse Control |
2,3,8,12,15,18,24,27 |
8 |
| Consideration of Others |
1,5,7,11,16,19,26 |
7 |
| Responsibility |
4,9,13,14,17,21,23,29 |
8 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Never / False, 2 = Not often / Somewhat false, 3 = Sometimes / Not sure, 4 = Often / Somewhat true, 5 = Almost always / True.
The scale includes 20 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 30 to 150. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Self-Restraint: 30 – 70
- Moderate Self-Restraint: 71 – 110
- High Self-Restraint: 111 – 150
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.