Wade’s Forgiveness Scale – WFS

Mohammed looti

Scale Development & Technical Details

Scale Overview

The Wade’s Forgiveness Scale – WFS was developed by S. H. Wade (1989). It is designed to measure Forgiveness. The scale is intended for use with Adults.

Scale Structure

This instrument consists of 83 items organized into 9 factors/subscales: Affirmation, Revenge, Freedom from Obsession, Victimization, Feelings, Holding a Grudge, Toward God, Conciliation, Avoidance.

Factor / Subscale	Items	N
Affirmation	1,2,9,11,13,16,20,21,22	9
Revenge	3,4,5,15,18,23,25,26,27,28	10
Freedom from Obsession	6,8,14,24	4
Victimization	7,10,12,17,19	5
Feelings	29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54	26
Holding a Grudge	55,60,75,81	4
Toward God	56,57,63,65,69	5
Conciliation	58,61,62,64,66,73,76,77,78,79,80,82	12
Avoidance	59,67,68,70,71,72,74,83	8

Response Format

Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).

The scale includes 10 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.

Scoring

Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.

Psychometric Properties

Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of High internal consistency (alphas vary by subscale).

Administration

The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.