Victimization Scale

Q: How many questions does the Victimization Scale have?

The Victimization Scale contains 135 items and takes approximately 34 minutes to complete.

Q: How is the Victimization Scale scored?

Scores range from 12 to 48. Interpretation levels: Low Exposure / Low Perpetration (12-18), Moderate Exposure / Moderate Perpetration (19-30), High Exposure / High Perpetration (31-48).

Q: Is the Victimization Scale free?

Yes, this assessment is completely free. You will receive your results immediately after completion, with an optional AI-powered personalized interpretation.

Mohammed looti

Victimization Scale

Measures exposure to direct and witnessed violence and victimization across school, neighborhood, and home environments, as well as self-reported violent behavior.

135 Questions

~34 min

Custom

Scale Development & Technical Details

Scale Overview

The Victimization Scale was developed by Helen Nadel, Margaret Spellmann, Teresa Alvarez-Canino, Linda Lausell-Bryant, Gerald Landsberg (1996). It is designed to measure Violence and Victimization. The scale is intended for use with Adolescents and youths.

Scale Structure

This instrument consists of 135 items organized into 10 factors/subscales: School Victimization (Direct), School Victimization (Witnessed), Neighborhood Victimization (Direct), Neighborhood Victimization (Witnessed), School Victimization (Heard), Neighborhood Victimization (Heard), Home Victimization (Direct), Home Victimization (Witnessed), School Violence Perpetration, Outside School Violence Perpetration.

Factor / Subscale	Items	N
School Victimization (Direct)	1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14	14
School Victimization (Witnessed)	15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29	15
Neighborhood Victimization (Direct)	30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41	12
Neighborhood Victimization (Witnessed)	42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54	13
School Victimization (Heard)	55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70	16
Neighborhood Victimization (Heard)	71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83	13
Home Victimization (Direct)	84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95	12
Home Victimization (Witnessed)	96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107	12
School Violence Perpetration	108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121	14
Outside School Violence Perpetration	122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135	14

Response Format

Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.

Response anchors: 1 = Never, 2 = Once, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Often.

Scoring

Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.

Total scores range from 12 to 48. Interpretation guidelines:

Low Exposure / Low Perpetration: 12 – 18
Moderate Exposure / Moderate Perpetration: 19 – 30
High Exposure / High Perpetration: 31 – 48

Psychometric Properties

Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified in source.

Administration

The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.

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About You

Please provide the following information before starting the assessment. This data is used for research purposes only and will remain confidential.

Gender *

Age *

Education Level

Country / Nationality

Instructions

Please indicate how often each of the following events has occurred in your life (e.g., in the past 30 days, 3 months, or 6 months) by selecting the option that best describes your experience.

1 Never

2 Once

3 Sometimes

4 Often

At school, how often have you been hit by a student

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been hit by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been kicked or pushed by a student

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been kicked or pushed by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been badly beaten up

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been threatened with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been attacked with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been threatened with a gun

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been verbally or emotionally abused by a student (being called names or having things said to you that make you feel bad about yourself or afraid)

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been verbally or emotionally abused by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been sexually harassed by a student

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been sexually harassed by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been sexually assaulted

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you been robbed

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being hit by a student

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being hit by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being kicked or pushed by a student

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being kicked or pushed by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being badly beaten up

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being threatened with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being attacked with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being threatened with a gun

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being verbally or emotionally abused by a student

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being verbally or emotionally abused by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being sexually harassed by a student

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being sexually harassed by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being sexually assaulted

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others being robbed

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you seen others in a fight after drinking or getting high

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been hit

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been kicked

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been pushed or shoved

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been badly beaten up

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been threatened with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been attacked with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been threatened with a gun

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been shot at

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been verbally or emotionally abused (being called names or having things said to you that make you feel bad about yourself or afraid)

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been sexually harassed

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been sexually assaulted

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you been robbed

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being hit

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being kicked

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being pushed or shoved

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being badly beaten up

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being threatened with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being attacked with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being threatened with a gun

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being shot at

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being verbally or emotionally abused

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being sexually harassed

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being sexually assaulted

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others being robbed

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you seen others in a fight after drinking or getting high

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being hit by a student

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being hit by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being kicked or pushed by a student

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being kicked or pushed by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being badly beaten up

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being threatened with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being attacked with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being threatened with a gun

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being verbally or emotionally abused by a student (they were called names or had things said to them that made them feel bad about themselves, or afraid)

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being shot at

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being verbally or emotionally abused by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being sexually harassed by a student

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being sexually harassed by school staff

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being sexually assaulted

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students being robbed

Never Once Sometimes Often

At school, how often have you heard of other students in a fight after drinking or getting high

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being hit

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being kicked

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being pushed or shoved

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being badly beaten up

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being threatened with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being attacked with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being threatened with a gun

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being shot at

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being verbally or emotionally abused

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being sexually harassed

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being sexually assaulted

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others being robbed

Never Once Sometimes Often

In your neighborhood, how often have you heard of others in a fight after drinking or getting high

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been hit

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been kicked

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been pushed or shoved

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been badly beaten up

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been threatened with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been attacked with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been threatened with a gun

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been shot at

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been verbally or emotionally abused

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been sexually harassed

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been sexually assaulted

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you been robbed

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being hit

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being kicked

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being pushed or shoved

Never Once Sometimes Often

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being badly beaten up

Never Once Sometimes Often

100

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being threatened with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

101

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being attacked with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

102

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being threatened with a gun

Never Once Sometimes Often

103

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being shot at

Never Once Sometimes Often

104

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being verbally or emotionally abused

Never Once Sometimes Often

105

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being sexually harassed

Never Once Sometimes Often

106

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being sexually assaulted

Never Once Sometimes Often

107

At home, in the past, how often have you seen other family members being robbed

Never Once Sometimes Often

108

At school, how often have you hit or kicked someone

Never Once Sometimes Often

109

At school, how often have you pushed or shoved someone when you were angry

Never Once Sometimes Often

110

At school, how often have you badly beaten somebody up

Never Once Sometimes Often

111

At school, how often have you carried a knife or sharp weapon or other blade

Never Once Sometimes Often

112

At school, how often have you threatened someone with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

113

At school, how often have you attacked someone with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

114

At school, how often have you carried a weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

115

At school, how often have you threatened someone with a gun

Never Once Sometimes Often

116

At school, how often have you verbally or emotionally abused someone (said something that made them feel bad about themselves, or afraid)

Never Once Sometimes Often

117

At school, how often have you sexually harassed someone

Never Once Sometimes Often

118

At school, how often have you sexually assaulted someone

Never Once Sometimes Often

119

At school, how often have you robbed someone

Never Once Sometimes Often

120

At school, how often have you been suspended

Never Once Sometimes Often

121

At school, how often have you gotten into a fight after drinking or getting high

Never Once Sometimes Often

122

Outside of school, how often have you hit or kicked someone

Never Once Sometimes Often

123

Outside of school, how often have you pushed or shoved someone when you were angry

Never Once Sometimes Often

124

Outside of school, how often have you badly beaten somebody up

Never Once Sometimes Often

125

Outside of school, how often have you carried a knife or sharp weapon or other blade

Never Once Sometimes Often

126

Outside of school, how often have you threatened someone with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

127

Outside of school, how often have you attacked someone with a knife or sharp weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

128

Outside of school, how often have you carried a weapon

Never Once Sometimes Often

129

Outside of school, how often have you threatened someone with a gun

Never Once Sometimes Often

130

Outside of school, how often have you verbally or emotionally abused someone (said something that made them feel bad about themselves, or afraid)

Never Once Sometimes Often

131

Outside of school, how often have you sexually harassed someone

Never Once Sometimes Often

132

Outside of school, how often have you sexually assaulted someone

Never Once Sometimes Often

133

Outside of school, how often have you robbed someone

Never Once Sometimes Often

134

Outside of school, how often have you been suspended

Never Once Sometimes Often

135

Outside of school, how often have you gotten into a fight after drinking or getting high

Never Once Sometimes Often

Answer all questions to submit

Scale Development & Technical Details

Scale Overview

Scale Structure

Response Format

Scoring

Psychometric Properties

Administration

About You

Your Results