Scale Overview
The Variations in Value Orientations (VVO) was developed by Florence Rockwood Kluckhohn and Fred L. Strodtbeck (1961). It is designed to measure Cultural Value Orientations. The scale is intended for use with Adults and cross-cultural populations.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 11 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Activity Orientation, Relational Orientation, Time Orientation, Man-Nature Orientation.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Activity Orientation |
1 |
1 |
| Relational Orientation |
2,7,8,9 |
4 |
| Time Orientation |
3,5,11 |
3 |
| Man-Nature Orientation |
4,6,10 |
3 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: A = Option A, B = Option B, C = Option C.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 0 to 0. Interpretation guidelines:
- Scoring yields a profile of value preferences (e.g., Doing vs. Being, Past vs. Present vs. Future) rather than a single cumulative score.: 0 – 0
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of N/A (typological assessment).
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.