Synergistic Supervision Scale (SSS)
Measures the perception of synergistic supervision, characterized by joint effort and a dual focus on both institutional goals and staff development.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Synergistic Supervision Scale (SSS) was developed by Roger B. Winston, Jr. & Don G. Creamer (1997). It is designed to measure Synergistic Supervision. The scale is intended for use with Student affairs and higher education professionals.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 22 items.
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = never or almost never, 2 = seldom, 3 = sometimes, 4 = often, 5 = always or almost always.
The scale includes 9 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 22 to 110. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Synergistic Supervision: 22 – 51
- Moderate Synergistic Supervision: 52 – 81
- High Synergistic Supervision: 82 – 110
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha typically ranges from .85 to .96.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 6 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.