Staff Morale Questionnaire (SMQ)
Measures school staff morale across dimensions of leadership synergy, cohesive pride, and personal challenge.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Staff Morale Questionnaire (SMQ) was developed by K. R. Smith (1971). It is designed to measure Staff Morale. The scale is intended for use with Teachers and school staff.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 31 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Leadership Synergy, Cohesive Pride, Personal Challenge, General Morale.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Leadership Synergy | 1,2,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,18,21,22,24,25,29 | 16 |
| Cohesive Pride | 3,4,5,6,15,17 | 6 |
| Personal Challenge | 16,19,20,23,26,27,30,31 | 8 |
| General Morale | 28 | 1 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 4-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 4 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 3 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 31 to 124. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Morale: 31 – 62
- Moderate Morale: 63 – 93
- High Morale: 94 – 124
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.