Scale Overview
The Social Provision Scale – Oluwatomiwo (SPS-O) was developed by Oluwatomiwo Oladunmoye Enoch (2015). It is designed to measure Social Support. The scale is intended for use with Undergraduate students.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 32 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Emotional support, Network support, Material support, Satisfaction support.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Emotional support |
1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,19 |
9 |
| Network support |
3,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,31 |
11 |
| Material support |
20,21,22,23,24 |
5 |
| Satisfaction support |
25,26,27,28,29,30,32 |
7 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 4 = Strongly Agree, 3 = Agree, 2 = Disagree, 1 = Strongly Disagree.
The scale includes 7 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 32 to 128. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Social Support: 32 – 64
- Moderate Social Support: 65 – 96
- High Social Support: 97 – 128
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Emotional support (alpha 0.885), Network support (alpha 0.721), Material support (alpha 0.70), Satisfaction support (alpha 0.76), Total (alpha 0.837).
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.