Scale Overview
The Smoking Self-Efficacy Scale – SSES was developed by Velicer, W. F., DiClemente, C. C., Rossi, J. S., & Prochaska, J. O. (1990). It is designed to measure Smoking Self-Efficacy. The scale is intended for use with Adult smokers.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 20 items organized into 3 factors/subscales: Negative Affect, Social/Positive, Habitual/Craving.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Negative Affect |
3,5,7,8,17,18,19 |
7 |
| Social/Positive |
1,4,6,9,10,16 |
6 |
| Habitual/Craving |
2,11,12,13,14,15,20 |
7 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Not at all confident, 2 = Not very confident, 3 = Moderately confident, 4 = Very confident, 5 = Extremely confident.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 20 to 100. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Self-Efficacy (High Risk of Relapse): 20 – 45
- Moderate Self-Efficacy: 46 – 75
- High Self-Efficacy (Low Risk of Relapse): 76 – 100
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Negative Affect: .95, Social/Positive: .93, Habit/Addictive: .92.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.