Silencing the Self Scale (STSS)
Measures cognitive schemas about intimate relationships that may lead to depression, specifically focusing on the tendency to silence one's own voice and needs.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Silencing the Self Scale (STSS) was developed by Dana Crowley Jack (1991). It is designed to measure Self-silencing in intimate relationships. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 31 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Externalized Self-Perception, Care as Self-Sacrifice, Silencing the Self, Divided Self.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Externalized Self-Perception | 1,6,7,11,12,21,23,27 | 8 |
| Care as Self-Sacrifice | 3,4,9,10,20,22,28 | 7 |
| Silencing the Self | 2,8,13,14,15,17,18,24,26,29,30 | 11 |
| Divided Self | 5,16,19,25,31 | 5 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 5 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 31 to 155. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low self-silencing: 31 – 77
- Moderate self-silencing: 78 – 124
- High self-silencing: 125 – 155
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha ranges from 0.86 to 0.94.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.