Scale Overview
The Resilience Scale – RS was developed by Gail M. Wagnild & Heather M. Young (1993). It is designed to measure Resilience. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 25 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Personal Competence, Acceptance of Self and Life.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Personal Competence |
1,2,3,4,5,6,9,10,13,14,15,17,18,19,20,23,24 |
17 |
| Acceptance of Self and Life |
7,8,11,12,16,21,22,25 |
8 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 25 to 175. Interpretation guidelines:
- Very low resilience: 25 – 115
- Low resilience: 116 – 130
- Moderately low resilience: 131 – 144
- Moderately high resilience: 145 – 160
- High resilience: 161 – 175
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.91.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.