Reasons for Deferring Exam Learning – GAP
Measures the reasons for postponing exam preparation, focusing on mental distraction and alternative activities.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Reasons for Deferring Exam Learning – GAP was developed by University of Münster Procrastination Research Group (Deters, Frings, & Westermann) (2006). It is designed to measure Academic Procrastination. The scale is intended for use with Students.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 9 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Mental Distraction, Alternative Activities.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Mental Distraction | 1,2,4,5,7 | 5 |
| Alternative Activities | 3,6,8,9 | 4 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = (Almost) never, 2 = Seldom, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Frequently, 5 = (Almost) always.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 9 to 45. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low procrastination tendency: 9 – 21
- Moderate procrastination tendency: 22 – 33
- High procrastination tendency: 34 – 45
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 3 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.