Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale – REMS
Measures the frequency of racial and ethnic microaggressions experienced by people of color.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale – REMS was developed by Kevin L. Nadal (2011). It is designed to measure Racial and ethnic microaggressions. The scale is intended for use with People of color.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 45 items organized into 6 factors/subscales: Assumptions of Inferiority, Second-Class Citizen and Assumption of Criminality, Microinvalidations, Exoticization and Assumptions of Similarity, Environmental Microaggressions, Workplace and School Microaggressions.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Assumptions of Inferiority | 5,9,17,21,22,32,36,38 | 8 |
| Second-Class Citizen and Assumption of Criminality | 2,6,8,11,31,34,40 | 7 |
| Microinvalidations | 4,7,10,14,26,27,30,33,39 | 9 |
| Exoticization and Assumptions of Similarity | 3,13,20,23,29,35,42,43,45 | 9 |
| Environmental Microaggressions | 12,18,19,24,28,37,41 | 7 |
| Workplace and School Microaggressions | 1,15,16,25,44 | 5 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = None of the time, 2 = A little bit of the time, 3 = Some of the time, 4 = A good bit of the time, 5 = Most of the time, 6 = All of the time.
The scale includes 7 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.85 – 0.89.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.