Pupil Control Ideology Form (PCI)
Measures educators' pupil control orientation on a continuum from custodial to humanistic.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Pupil Control Ideology Form (PCI) was developed by Willower, D. J., Eidell, T. L., & Hoy, W. K. (1967). It is designed to measure Pupil Control Ideology. The scale is intended for use with Educators and teachers.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 20 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Custodial Orientation, Humanistic Orientation.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Custodial Orientation | 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 | 18 |
| Humanistic Orientation | 5,13 | 2 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Undecided, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree.
The scale includes 2 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 20 to 100. Interpretation guidelines:
- Humanistic Orientation: 20 – 59
- Custodial Orientation: 60 – 100
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.91.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.