Scale Overview
The Prosocial Involvement, Opportunities and Rewards Scale was developed by Arthur, M.W., Hawkins, J.D., Pollard, J.A., Catalano, R.F., & Baglioni, A.J. (2002). It is designed to measure School Connectedness. The scale is intended for use with Adolescents (ages 11-18).
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 9 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement, Rewards for Prosocial Involvement.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement |
1,2,3,4,5 |
5 |
| Rewards for Prosocial Involvement |
6,7,8,9 |
4 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = NO!, 2 = no, 3 = yes, 4 = YES!.
Scoring
Item scores are averaged to produce a mean score.
Total scores range from 9 to 36. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low perceived opportunities and rewards: 9 – 18
- Moderate perceived opportunities and rewards: 19 – 27
- High perceived opportunities and rewards: 28 – 36
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.