Scale Overview
The Procedural and Interactive Justice Scale (PIJS) was developed by Farh, J. L., Earley, P. C., & Lin, S. C. (1997). It is designed to measure Procedural and Interactive Justice. The scale is intended for use with Employees / Working adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 12 items organized into 3 factors/subscales: Participation, Appeal mechanism, Interaction.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Participation |
1,2,3,4 |
4 |
| Appeal mechanism |
5,6,7 |
3 |
| Interaction |
8,9,10,11,12 |
5 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 2 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 12 to 84. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low perceived justice: 12 – 36
- Moderate perceived justice: 37 – 60
- High perceived justice: 61 – 84
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Participation alpha = .71, Appeal mechanism alpha = .81, Interactive justice alpha = .88.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.