Scale Overview
The Personal Orientation Dimensions – POD was developed by Everett L. Shostrom (1977). It is designed to measure Self-actualization. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 5 items organized into 5 factors/subscales: Manipulation Awareness, Strength, Time Orientation, Trust in Humanity, Mission.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Manipulation Awareness |
1 |
1 |
| Strength |
2 |
1 |
| Time Orientation |
3 |
1 |
| Trust in Humanity |
4 |
1 |
| Mission |
5 |
1 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: a = Statement A, b = Statement B.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 0 to 5. Interpretation guidelines:
- Sample score range (based on 5 sample items): 0 – 5
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Test-retest: 0.53 – 0.79.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 2 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.