Scale Overview
The Perceived Environmental Supportiveness Scale – PESS was developed by Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J.L. (2007). It is designed to measure Perceived environmental supportiveness (autonomy support, structure, involvement). The scale is intended for use with Exercise participants and clients.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 15 items organized into 3 factors/subscales: Autonomy Support, Structure, Involvement.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Autonomy Support |
1,4,7,10,13 |
5 |
| Structure |
2,5,8,11,14 |
5 |
| Involvement |
3,6,9,12,15 |
5 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 15 to 105. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Perceived Supportiveness: 15 – 45
- Moderate Perceived Supportiveness: 46 – 75
- High Perceived Supportiveness: 76 – 105
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified in source text.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.