Scale Overview
The Panic and Agoraphobia Scale – PAS was developed by Borwin Bandelow (1995). It is designed to measure Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Severity. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 14 items organized into 5 factors/subscales: Panic Attacks, Agoraphobic Avoidance, Anticipatory Anxiety, Disability, Health Concerns.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Panic Attacks |
1,2,3,4 |
4 |
| Agoraphobic Avoidance |
5,6,7 |
3 |
| Anticipatory Anxiety |
8,9 |
2 |
| Disability |
10,11,12 |
3 |
| Health Concerns |
13,14 |
2 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 0 = None / Not at all, 1 = Mild / Infrequent, 2 = Moderate / Sometimes, 3 = Severe / Frequent, 4 = Extreme / Very frequent / All the time.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 0 to 56. Interpretation guidelines:
- Remission / Normal: 0 – 8
- Mild: 9 – 18
- Moderate: 19 – 28
- Severe: 29 – 56
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha of .86 for the total score and .66-.82 for the subscales.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.