Opioid Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale (OPBSS)

Only used opioids after completing all of the day's responsibilities?

Avoided using while spending time with family?

Avoided using opioids before work or school?

Avoided using opioids to cope with emotions such as sadness or depression?

Used a designated driver (i.e., someone who has not used) after using opioids?

Limited use to weekends?

Avoided using opioids habitually (i.e., every day or multiple times a week)?

Avoided using opioids early in the day?

Avoided using opioids for several days in advance of a big test, interview, performance, or other engagement for which you needed to be crisp and were being evaluated?

Avoided buying opioids?

Avoided using opioids if currently taking any kind of prescription drug that might intensify the effects (e.g., make them feel more tired)?

Only used at night (i.e., not during the day)?

Stopped using opioids if you became anxious or paranoid?

Avoided using opioids in public places?

Taken periodic breaks if it felt like you were using opioids too frequently?

Bought less opioids at a time so you used less?

Excused yourself from the room if people were using opioids and you felt uncomfortable or did not wish to be offered opioids?

Avoided situations that you anticipated being pressured to use opioids?

Taken a break from using if feeling a loss of motivation?

Only used when you had nothing important to do for the rest of the day/night?

Avoided using opioids out of boredom?

Only used one time during a day/night?

Avoided using when feeling anxious (e.g., using to calm yourself down or stop worrying)?

Only used before special events (e.g., movies, concerts) or on special occasions?

To decrease tolerance, taken a break for a week or two, or taken longer breaks than usual between use?

Avoided using opioids before engaging in physical activity (i.e., exercise, hiking)?

Had a friend let you know when you've had enough?

Made sure that you went home with a friend?

Refused to ride in a car with someone who has been using opioids?

Had your drugs tested for fentanyl?

Avoided using opioids to manage pain?

Avoided mixing opioids with alcohol?

Avoided bringing opioids into events or venues where you were likely to be searched?

Only purchased opioids from a trusted source?

Used only at home?

Avoided possibilities of legal repercussions (e.g., used in a safe place like home, avoided having opioids where you might get searched)?

Only used opioids on private property?

Limited the amount/dose of opioids you used in one sitting?

If attending a party or going out to a social event (e.g., bar), decided in advance whether you wanted to use opioids or not?

Used your own opioids (if alone or sharing with friends) so you knew what you were using?

Only used opioids in safe environments?

Determined not to exceed a set amount/dose of opioids?

Avoided combining opioids with benzodiazepines (like Valium, Xanax, Ativan, Klonopin, etc.)?

Avoided combining opioids with cocaine (i.e., speedballing)?

Made sure you used opioids with people who could take care of you if you used too much?

Avoided using injectable opioids?