Occupational Attitudes Survey – Part A (Need-Strength Scales)
Measures the strength of 12 distinct psychological needs related to work and life attitudes.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Occupational Attitudes Survey – Part A (Need-Strength Scales) was developed by Robert H. Schaffer (1953). It is designed to measure Need Strength. The scale is intended for use with Employed adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 46 items organized into 12 factors/subscales: Recognition and Approbation, Affection and Interpersonal Relationships, Mastery and Achievement, Dominance, Social Welfare, Self-expression, Socioeconomic Status, Moral Value Scheme, Dependence, Creativity and Challenge, Economic Security, Independence.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Recognition and Approbation | 1,13,25,37 | 4 |
| Affection and Interpersonal Relationships | 2,14,26,38 | 4 |
| Mastery and Achievement | 3,15,27,39 | 4 |
| Dominance | 4,16,28,40 | 4 |
| Social Welfare | 5,17,29,41 | 4 |
| Self-expression | 6,18,30,42 | 4 |
| Socioeconomic Status | 7,19,31,43 | 4 |
| Moral Value Scheme | 8,20,32,44 | 4 |
| Dependence | 9,21,33,45 | 4 |
| Creativity and Challenge | 10,22,34,46 | 4 |
| Economic Security | 11,23,35 | 3 |
| Independence | 12,24,36 | 3 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = no agreement at all, 2 = slight agreement, 3 = fairly close agreement, 4 = very close agreement, 5 = complete agreement.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 4 to 20. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Need Strength (for 4-item subscales): 4 – 8
- Moderate Need Strength (for 4-item subscales): 9 – 15
- High Need Strength (for 4-item subscales): 16 – 20
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.41 – 0.92.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.