Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire – MLQ-Version 4 (Athletic Director Version)
Measures followers' perceptions of their athletic director's transformational leadership behaviors.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire – MLQ-Version 4 (Athletic Director Version) was developed by Bernard M. Bass (1985). It is designed to measure Transformational Leadership. The scale is intended for use with Athletes and athletic department staff.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 9 items organized into 3 factors/subscales: Charisma / Inspirational Motivation, Individualized Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Charisma / Inspirational Motivation | 1,2,3 | 3 |
| Individualized Consideration | 4,5,6 | 3 |
| Intellectual Stimulation | 7,8,9 | 3 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 9 to 63. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Perceived Leadership: 9 – 27
- Moderate Perceived Leadership: 28 – 45
- High Perceived Leadership: 46 – 63
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 3 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.