Scale Overview
The Methods of Monitoring Scale – MMS was developed by Brian P. Niehoff, Robert H. Moorman (1993). It is designed to measure Managerial Monitoring. The scale is intended for use with Employees / Working adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 13 items organized into 3 factors/subscales: Informal discussions, Observation, Formal meetings.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Informal discussions |
1,2,3,4,5 |
5 |
| Observation |
6,7,8,9,10 |
5 |
| Formal meetings |
11,12,13 |
3 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Behavior not exhibited, 2 = Exhibited very infrequently, 3 = Exhibited monthly, 4 = Exhibited weekly, 5 = Exhibited daily, 6 = Behavior exhibited more than once per day.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 1 to 6. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low frequency of monitoring: 1 – 2
- Moderate frequency of monitoring: 3 – 4
- High frequency of monitoring: 5 – 6
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.