Scale Overview
The Locus of Causality for Exercise Scale – LCE was developed by David Markland & L. Hardy (1997). It is designed to measure Locus of Causality for Exercise. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 3 items.
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 2 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Item scores are averaged to produce a mean score.
Total scores range from 1 to 7. Interpretation guidelines:
- External Locus of Causality (Controlled Motivation): 1 – 3
- Neutral: 4 – 4
- Internal Locus of Causality (Autonomous Motivation): 5 – 7
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 2 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.