Scale Overview
The Level of Expressed Emotion Scale – LEE was developed by John D. Cole & Shahe S. Kazarian (1988). It is designed to measure Expressed Emotion. The scale is intended for use with Adults and adolescents.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 60 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Intrusiveness, Emotional Response, Attitude toward Illness, Tolerance/Expectations.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Intrusiveness |
1,5,9,13,17,21,29,33,37,41,45,49,53,57 |
14 |
| Emotional Response |
2,6,14,18,24,25,30,36,38,42,46,54,58 |
13 |
| Attitude toward Illness |
7,10,11,15,19,26,27,31,35,39,43,47,50,51,55,59,60 |
17 |
| Tolerance/Expectations |
3,4,8,12,16,20,22,23,28,32,34,40,44,48,52,56 |
16 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a dichotomous True/False format.
The scale includes 30 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 0 to 60. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Expressed Emotion: 0 – 20
- Moderate Expressed Emotion: 21 – 40
- High Expressed Emotion: 41 – 60
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Alpha coefficients range from 0.72 to 0.90 for the subscales.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.